Disintegration and age of basement metamorphic rocks in Qiangtang,Tibet, China

Comprehensive studies on lithologic association, provenance of metacongelometre, characteristics of metamorphism and deformation, and²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb-dating of single-zircon for metamorphic rocks distributed in Chabu-Chasang areas in Qiangtang block indicate that most of them belong to Middle Proterozoic metamorphic basement except silicilith member ascribed to Triassic. Disintegrated basement strata are called Gemuri group and Guoganjianianri group; they are different in histories of metamorphism and deformation. The single-zircon²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb-ages provide excellent evidence for the existence of an Archean continent nucleus around study areas. Some thermal event ages such as 929–1016 and 509–548 Ma are recorded in Gemuri group.

     

甲醛对Nessler法和次氯酸酚盐法测定养殖水体总氨氮的影响

水体中含一定浓度的甲醛 ,用 Nessler法测得的总氨氮 (TAN)浓度远远高于实际浓度 ,差异百分数最高达 4 5 0 .0 6 % ;用次氯酸酚盐法测得的总氨氮 (TAN)浓度则明显低于实际浓度 ,差异百分数最高可达 84 .77%。甲醛浓度范围为 10～ 4 0 mg/ L、TAN浓度为 1～ 10 mg/ L,通过双因素有重复观察值的交叉实验 ,得到如下矫正式 :(1)用 Nessler法测 TAN时 ,Y=4 .0 5 2 9- 0 .0 72 4 x1+ 0 .2 0 6 4x2 ,标准误差为 1.3381;(2 )用次氯酸酚盐法测 TAN时 ,Y=0 .1196 + 0 .0 345 x1+ 1.0 0 2 2 x2 ,标准误差为 0 .4 6 2 7。 Y为 TAN实际浓度 (mg/ L) ,x1为甲醛浓度 (mg/ L) ,x2 为测得的 TAN浓度(mg/ L )。比较含氨氮水体与不含氨氮水体中的甲醛浓度 ,方差分析结果表明 ,没有显著差异。     

四川彭县白水河地区蛇纹岩的地质特征

研究区的蛇纹岩以构造就位的方式就位于具岛弧环境的白水河群变质岩系之中，其常量元素和微量元素地球化学特征表明，其原岩成分相当于蛇绿岩层序底部的变质橄榄岩，是地幔的残余。它是在岛弧与扬子古陆相互碰撞过程中形成的。     

油、水、干层的地球化学识别

本文介绍一种判断油、水、干层的地球化学方法，根据储层样品中有机抽提的的含量和组成特征，结合油层物性，地层测试和试油资料编制织识别油、水，干层的图版，提出判别油、水、干层的地质／地球化学指标，确定油层的地球化学参数的下限，并运用此方法对松辽盆地新站油田主要油层分布段的油、水、干层进行判别。根据试油资料验证表明，地球化学判断结果比传统的地质录井及地球物理测井资料判断结果更符合实际情况。     

Composition and Origin of Ferromanganese Crusts from Equatorial Western Pacific Seamounts

In the equatorial western Pacific, iron-manganese oxyhydroxide crusts(Fe-Mn crusts) and nodules form on basaltic seamounts and on the top of drowned carbonate platform guyots that have been swept free of pelagic sediments. To date, the Fe-Mn crusts have been considered to be almost exclusively of abiotic origin. However, it has recently been suggested that these crusts may be a result of biomineralization. Although the Fe-Mn crust textures in the equatorial western Pacific are similar to those constructed by bacteria and algae, and biomarkers also document the existence of bacteria and algae dispersed within the Fe-Mn crusts, the precipitation, accumulation and distribution of elements, such as Fe, Mn, Ni and Co in Fe-Mn crusts are not controlled by microbial activity. Bacteria and algae are only physically incorporated into the crusts when dead plankton settle on the ocean floor and are trapped on the crust surface. Geochemical evidence suggests a hydrogenous origin of Fe-Mn crusts in the equatorial western Pacific, thus verifying a process for Fe-Mn crusts that involves the precipitation of colloidal phases from seawater followed by extensive scavenging of dissolved trace metals into the mineral phase during crust formation.     

Hydrothermal Dolomite in the Upper Sinian (Upper Proterozoic) Dengying Formation,East Sichuan Basin,China

Hydrothermal Dolomite （HTD） is present in the Upper Sinian （Upper Proterozoic） Dengying Formation, east Sichuan Basin, China. The strata are comprised by primary dolomite. The HTD has various textures, including zebra dolomite, subhorizontal sheet-like cavities filled by saddle dolomite and breccias cemented by saddle dolomites as well occur as a fill of veins and fractures. Also co-occur MVT type lead-zinc ores in the study area. The δ13C and δ18O isotopes of HTD in the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation are lighter than those of the host rocks, while STSr/86Sr is higher. The apparent difference in carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopes, especially the large difference in S7Sr/S6Sr isotopes ratio indicate crystallization from hot basinal and/or hydrothermal fluids. Saddle dolomite was precipitated at temperatures of 270-320℃. The diagenetic parasequences of mineral assemblage deposited in the Dengying Formation are： （1） dolomite host rock →sphalerite-galena-barite-fluorite; （2） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →quartz; （3） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite→bitumen; （4） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →barite. The mean chemical composition of the host dolomite matrix and HTD didn＇t change much during hydrothermal process. The fluids forming the HTDs in the Dengying Formation were mixtures of freshwater from the unconformity at the top of Sinian, fluids from diagenetic compaction and hydrocarbon generation ＆ expulsion from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation mudstones or the Doushantuo Formation silty mudstones, and hydrothermal fluids from the basement. The hydrocarbon reservoirs associated with the HTD were mostly controlled by the basement faults and fractures and karsting processes at the unconformity separating Sinian and Cambrian strata. The hydrocarbon storage spaces of HTD included dissolved cavities and intercrystalline pores. Dissolution cavities are extensive at the top of Dengying Formation, up to about 46m below the unconformity between Sinian an     

云南滇西地区早古生代增生杂岩的厘定及其洋壳俯冲消减作用——基于1∶5万文东幅地质调查的新认识

【研究目的】 澜沧岩群一直存在较大争议,查明澜沧岩群的物质组成、构造属性、时代及变质变形特征具有重要的意义,为进一步重建特提斯的时空格架提供重要的基础资料。【研究方法】 在1∶5万详细野外调查的基础上,系统开展LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学等综合研究。【研究结果】 查明了澜沧岩群的物质组成及变质变形特征,具有基质+块体的构造混杂岩特征,经历了3期变质变形,整体表现为逆冲推覆-增生造山的构造变形样式。通过碎屑锆石、变酸性岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结合已有的研究资料,厘定其形成时代为早古生代。澜沧岩群中高压变质岩的原岩具有岩浆弧、OIB和E-MORB的特征,说明澜沧岩群经历了深俯冲、增生造山作用过程。【结论】 结合区域已有的研究资料及本文研究成果,认为澜沧岩群不是基底岩系,而是昌宁—孟连原-古特提斯洋俯冲消减形成的早古生代增生杂岩。     

交通通达性对中国城市增长趋同影响的空间计量分析

交通基础设施建设是促进城市经济增长与趋同的重要手段。在新古典增长模型基础上,构建城市增长趋同的空间计量分析模型框架,利用1990-2012年中国273个地级以上城市数据,探讨城市间通达性和口岸通达性的改善对城市经济趋同的影响。研究发现：城市经济增长存在显著的空间相关性,趋同分析更适用空间计量方法;中国城市经济增长存在绝对趋同现象,且2001年后的趋同速度较20世纪90年代更快;全国层面,城市间通达性对城市经济增长及趋同的影响逐渐显现。进入21世纪后,通达性水平提升延缓了城市经济趋同速度,区域差距被进一步拉大。但在地区层面,城市间通达性的改善促进了东部、中部和西部地区内部城市的趋同;口岸通达性对全国城市经济的影响不显著,但对各地区城市趋同产生明显不同的影响。20世纪90年代到公路及水运口岸的通达性促进了中部城市的增长趋同,到公路和铁路口岸的通达性则延缓了西部城市的趋同速度。21世纪以后,公路口岸通达性主要影响中部和西部城市,铁路口岸主要影响东部城市的趋同进程。四类口岸通达性对东北城市的影响均不显著;最后,从促进城市经济增长与趋同角度,对交通基础设施建设的相关政策进行了讨论。     

四川盆地东南缘河坝MVT铅锌矿与古油气藏的成生关系

MVT铅锌矿与(古)油气藏在空间上的密切共生/伴生关系,说明成矿与成藏具有密切的成因联系。四川盆地东南缘的河坝铅锌矿产于震旦系灯影组古油气藏中,虽然二者在空间上密切共生,但铅锌矿的规模远较古油气藏的规模小。形成铅锌矿的流体具有较高的盐度(w(NaCl)=21.33%~23.83%)并富含有机质,成矿流体的峰温为122~134 ℃。与闪锌矿共生萤石的Rb Sr和Sm Nd同位素年龄显示成矿发生于128~130 Ma。研究区的古油气藏先后经历了多期成藏与破坏。奥陶纪-中志留世时期第一次成藏,加里东期末被破坏;二叠纪-中三叠世时期二次生烃形成油藏,晚三叠世-侏罗纪时期随着埋藏深度增加,石油发生热裂解形成古气藏,燕山期古气藏被破坏。铅锌矿的成矿仅与石油的热裂解和古气藏的破坏密切相关。石油热裂解形成硫化氢,热裂解过程中的超压使硫化氢溶于水为铅锌矿成矿提供硫源,构造隆升造成古气藏破坏,含硫化氢的油田卤水与成矿流体混合成矿。