非稳定流大井径经验井损分析

本文用离散影响函数核(discrete kernel)方法分析了在承压含水层非稳定流的井径经验井损问题。并得出如下结论:井的容量可以减小井损量,且井容量对抽水初期是有影响的;增大井径可以克服井的无效性;大井径经验井损的比降深与抽水量呈非线性关系;在大井径中的无量纲时间降深曲线(其井损分量遵循Jacob方程)不是唯一的,它与抽水量有关。     

张北6.2级地震地裂缝特征及其研究意义

张北6．2级地震现场调查结果表明，这次地震形成了大量的非构地裂缝,它们主要分布在极震区和Ⅶ度区。地裂缝的优势方位为NNE和NWW向，与Ⅶ度等震线双向展布基本一致。利用地裂缝的空间分布特征和统计的优势方位，探讨了地裂缝与烈度分区和发震构造的关系。     

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Mapping water quality and substrate cover in optically complex coastal and reef waters: an integrated approach

Sustainable management of coastal and coral reef environments requires regular collection of accurate information on recognized ecosystem health indicators. Satellite image data and derived maps of water column and substrate biophysical properties provide an opportunity to develop baseline mapping and monitoring programs for coastal and coral reef ecosystem health indicators. A significant challenge for satellite image data in coastal and coral reef water bodies is the mixture of both clear and turbid waters. A new approach is presented in this paper to enable production of water quality and substrate cover type maps, linked to a field based coastal ecosystem health indicator monitoring program, for use in turbid to clear coastal and coral reef waters. An optimized optical domain method was applied to map selected water quality (Secchi depth, Kd PAR, tripton, CDOM) and substrate cover type (seagrass, algae, sand) parameters. The approach is demonstrated using commercially available Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper image data over a coastal embayment exhibiting the range of substrate cover types and water quality conditions commonly found in sub-tropical and tropical coastal environments. Spatially extensive and quantitative maps of selected water quality and substrate cover parameters were produced for the study site. These map products were refined by interactions with management agencies to suit the information requirements of their monitoring and management programs.     

Drill cutting accumulations in the Northern and Central North Sea: a review of environmental interactions and chemical fate

The exploration and production of North Sea oil and gas reserves has resulted in the accumulation of large quantities of drill cuttings on the seabed surrounding drill sites. This complex mixture of man-made and natural substances contains higher concentrations of certain metals (Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and hydrocarbons than are observed in background sediments. With decommissioning of older platforms underway, an evaluation of the environmental interactions and chemical fate of the drill cuttings accumulations is required.This review concentrates on contaminants within drill cutting accumulations in the Northern and Central North Sea (56 degrees N-62 degrees N). Present literature reviewed reveals that hydrocarbons within the cuttings piles remain relatively unchanged with time. A considerable proportion of the associated contaminants are likely to remain within the cuttings pile unless they are disturbed which will then increase exchanges of porewater and solids back to the seabed surface resulting in pathways of exposure for organisms.