Tin partition behavior and implications for the Furong tin ore formation associated with peralkaline intrusive granite in Hunan Province,China

Tin deposits are often closely associated with granitic intrusions. In this study, we analyzed tin partition coefficients between different fluids and melts (\({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{aq.fl./melt}\)) as well as various crystals and melts \({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{aq.fl./melt}\)(\({\text{D}}_{Sn}^{crystal/melt}\)) from the Furong tin deposit associated with the Qitianling A-type granite. Our experimental results indicate that tin partition behavior is affected by the chemical compositions of fluids, melts, and minerals. Tin is prone to partitioning into the residual magma in fractional crystallization or other differential magmatic processes if the magma originated from crustal sources with high alkali content, high volatile content, and low oxygen fugacity. Highly evolved residual peralkaline granitic magma enriched in tin can lead to tin mineralization in a later stage. Furthermore, the volatiles F and Cl in the magma play important roles in tin partitioning behavior. Low F contents in the melt phase and high Cl content in the aqueous fluid phase are favorable factors for tin partitioning in the aqueous fluid phase. High Cl content in the aqueous fluid catalyzes water–rock interaction and leads to the extraction of tin from tin-bearing minerals. All these findings support a hydrothermal origin for the tin deposits. In light of the geotectonic setting, petrochemical characteristics, and mineralizing physicochemical conditions of the Furong tin deposit, it is inferred that the ore-forming fluid of the Furong tin ore deposit could have derived from the Qitianling peralkaline intrusion.     

井筒电加热改善水平井蒸汽吞吐效果机理实验

针对稠油水平井蒸汽吞吐面临入井渗流阻力大、产量水平低、吞吐递减率高、采收率偏低等问题,提出了电加热辅助水平井蒸汽吞吐方法。首先根据水平井蒸汽吞吐过程中的电加热与蒸汽复合传热特征,建立了电加热辅助蒸汽吞吐三个阶段的(注汽阶段、焖井阶段、生产阶段)储层升温解析模型,在此基础上,设计并开展了电加热辅助蒸汽吞吐和常规水平井吞吐的宏观比例物理模拟对比实验,通过实验验证了解析公式,揭示电加热改善水平井吞吐效果关键机理,并利用实际典型井模型进行了潜力预测。结果表明:电加热协同蒸汽吞吐,具有注蒸汽阶段实现水平段均匀加热升温、焖井阶段持续热补偿加热近井地带、生产阶段降低原油入井渗流阻力并提高吞吐产量的关键机理。典型井组预测电加热辅助水平井吞吐可提高吞吐采收率9.4%,油汽比从0.14提高到0.23,在水平井蒸汽吞吐油藏具有重要应用潜力。     

北秦岭蓝田铀矿田产铀岩体的地球化学特征及其对成矿的制约

牧护关岩体西部的二长花岗岩赋存着北秦岭最著名的花岗岩型铀矿田——蓝田铀矿田。笔者对该花岗岩开展了系统的元素地球化学研究,其结果显示牧护关二长花岗岩为富硅、富钾、富碱和高分异过铝质花岗岩;微量元素特征是花岗岩相对于原始地幔具有富集大离子元素Rb、U、La、Nd、Sm,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等特征;稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土富集的右倾型。铀矿石与二长花岗岩具有相似的稀土元素特征,暗示铀矿床的成矿物质可能主要来源于二长花岗岩。尽管牧护关二长花岗岩的U含量远低于一般产铀岩体,但铀在其中主要以活性的晶质铀矿形式存在,也能被活化迁移继而成矿。晶质铀矿形式存在的铀可能在花岗岩铀成矿中起着更重要的作用。     

基于线粒体控制区序列的花斑蛇鲻遗传多态性分析

花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)是一种重要的底层经济鱼类, 本研究利用线粒体控制区(D-loop区)序列分析了中国近海分布的花斑蛇鲻的遗传结构和遗传多样性, 一共测定了6个地理群体129尾样本的D-loop区全序列。结果显示, 全长为921bp的序列包含71个多态性位点, 共检测到101个单倍型。花斑蛇鲻总体呈现很高的单倍型多样性(0.9873 ± 0.0048)和较低的核苷酸多样性(0.0132 ± 0.0067)的特征。基于邻接法构建的单倍型系统发育树的拓扑结构很浅, 没有形成分化明显的支系。单倍型在各个地理群体中的分布呈分散交叉状态, 表明地理群体间没有显著的遗传分化。6个群体的分子方差分析显示, 花斑蛇鲻绝大部分的遗传变异(99.87%)来源于群体内的个体之间, 而群体间的变异仅占0.13%。大部分地理群体之间的遗传分化指数(F_ST)均很小, 揭示了群体间的基因交流很频繁, 存在高度的遗传同质性。这些研究结果表明中国近海的花斑蛇鲻遗传多样性丰富, 没有明显的遗传分化, 是一个随机交配群, 可以作为同一个渔业单元来管理。     

中国城市抗御地震灾害研究的发展与实践

城市是社会发展的产物,它具有人口密集、经济发达、基础设施集中等特点。城市安全一直是人们普遍关心的问题,城市地震安全受到政府和社会的广泛关注,并且是学术界研究的热点问题之一。唐山大地震后,在反思惨痛震害教训的同时,中国政府和学术界开始了长达40余年的城市抗御地震灾害的研究与实践,形成了有中国特色的城市抗震防灾技术和方法。本文简要地归纳了破坏性地震对城市的影响,从我国先后开展的城市抗震防灾规划、防震减灾规划和韧性城市3个方面系统地总结了中国城市抗御地震灾害研究和实践的发展历程,讨论和评述了在这一研究领域存在的问题。本文对韧性城市的定义、研究内容、特征、评价指标和方法进行了较为详细的介绍,在此基础上,提出了在城市抗震中应重点加强研究的5个方面的问题和今后的研究方向。     

A multi-model study of atmosphere predictability in coupled ocean–atmosphere systems

Of great importance for guiding numerical weather and climate predictions, understanding predictability of the atmosphere in the ocean − atmosphere coupled system is the first and critical step to understand predictability of the Earth system. However, previous predictability studies based on prefect model assumption usually depend on a certain model. Here we apply the predictability study with the Nonlinear Local Lyapunov Exponent and Attractor Radius to the products of multiple re-analyses and forecast models in several operational centers to realize general predictability of the atmosphere in the Earth system. We first investigated the predictability characteristics of the atmosphere in NCEP, ECMWF and UKMO coupled systems and some of their uncoupled counterparts and other uncoupled systems. Although the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System shows higher skills in geopotential height over the tropics, there is no certain model providing the most precise forecast for all variables on all levels and the multi-model ensemble not always outperforms a single model. Improved low-frequency signals from the air − sea and stratosphere − troposphere interactions that extend predictability of the atmosphere in coupled system suggests the significance of air − sea coupling and stratosphere simulation in practical forecast development, although uncertainties exist in the model representation for physical processes in air − sea interactions and upper troposphere. These inspire further exploration on predictability of ocean and stratosphere as well as sea − ice and land processes to advance our understanding of interactions of Earth system components, thus enhancing weather − climate prediction skills.

     

抗震设计反应谱的标定方法

抗震设计反应谱是结构抗震设计的主要依据,设计反应谱的标定是确定地震动输入的重要环节。文中详细地总结了设计反应谱标定的基本原理和几种常用的设计反应谱标定方法,介绍了我国建筑抗震设计反应谱参数的确定方法和统一抗震设计反应谱的研究现状及应用前景;对不同设计反应谱标定方法中存在的问题进行了评述;提出抗震设计反应谱标定方法中有待进一步研究的问题。     

汶川特大地震汉源烈度异常原因的初步分析

远离震中的汉源县老县城在汶川大地震中遭到了严重震害,是Ⅵ度区内的唯一的Ⅷ度烈度异常区.汉源的地震烈度异常现象引起学术界的广泛关注.在汉源科学考察基础上,介绍了汉源震害情况,收集和整理了汉源县城及附近有关工程场地的强震和土体力学参数资料.通过背后山滑坡体有限元分析结果与汉源附近强震台记录的比较,从传递函数角度分析了背后山滑坡复活对烈度异常的影响,研究了汉源特殊土层结构对地震动的影响.结果表明,背后山滑坡的复活和特殊土层结构的放大作用等场地条件的影响是引起烈度异常的主要原因.所得结论对进一步分析汉源烈度异常的原因具有一定的参考价值.     

吉南老岭群珍珠门组碳酸盐岩区域岩溶发育机理的探讨

下元古界老岭群珍珠门组大理岩广泛发育岩溶。大理岩为中等—强可溶性岩石,中条、加里东、印支分别为三个古岩溶期。新老岩溶期,形成的溶洞、裂隙受新构造运动的影响成为岩溶水储集空间;各岩溶洼地有完整的运移系统,蕴藏丰富的地下水是水质良好的中—大型水源地及各类矿产开采有直接充水水源。