地表热通量测量中的问题

由于缺乏对土壤表面发生的各种过程的了解，往往会导致土壤表面热通量测量的不正确。基想根据地表以下一些度处的抛弃爱量测量资料准确地确定地表的热通量，不但要考虑则板以上的热量存同，而且要考虑到测板以下的潜热损耗。如果忽略热储量就会导致大的误差，如忽略潜热过程，则会有更大的误差。     

甘肃雨季的气候特征

根据全省主要气象台站1951—1990年旬降水相对系数,确定了雨季的起讫日期,分析了雨季的稳定程度和变化规律。结果表明:甘肃雨季比较明显,来临较迟,起讫日期不稳定,大部分地方降水变率大,特别是河西东部和中部8月降水变率大于7月,更易出现旱涝。且3年周期振动显著,是个比较重要的气候特征。     

SATMOD:综合卫星云图和模式输出参数的一种交互式方法

SATMOD 是一种综合卫星云图和若干模式输出参数的交互式方法。奥地利维也纳气象与地球动力学中央研究所使用这一方法进行卫星-天气学研究、业务分析和预报服务。在本文中,集中用一种重要的天气学现象(急流)来说明 SATMOD 方法。     

作物和土壤旱情的温差模型

本文根据邯郸地区的观测资料,建立了小麦、玉米和棉花地的土壤相对含水量和14时冠气温差(Tc-Ta)的作物旱情温差模型RW=a+b(Tc-Ta)_(14)和裸地土壤相对含水量和14时土气温差(Ts—Ta)的土壤旱情温差模型RW=a′+b′(Ts-Ta)_(14)。经检验,平均相对误差小于20％,适于灌溉管理和大面积监测旱情之用,具有快速、简便的特点。本文还提出了冠层温度的覆盖度校正方法和进行旱涝等级划分的温差指标。     

瑞典硫化物矿山尾矿淋滤水的控制

在瑞典,硫化物矿尾矿污染水的淋滤造成巨大的环境污染问题。本文概述一项利用天然土覆盖尾矿、最大限度地减少淋滤水的调查报告。研究表明,天然土渗水性是如此之高,以致于起不到明显的隔水效果。天然土盖层只能减少高降雨量期或迅速化雪期的渗水量,而且只对淋滤水峰值有作用。但是,作为一种蓄水体,位于尾矿顶部的密封盖层具有重要意义,它可以增加蒸腾损失。     

自动气象站数据异常的原因分析

（1）采集器损坏导致无法采集数据，出现数据全部缺测。（2）采集器电源系统故障，致使定时数据无法采集，出现要素全部缺测。（3）通信线路出现故障。当自动气象站的防雷板、终端机的串口或连接卡、串口隔离器被雷击、通信线缆出现断开或其他因素导致开路都是导致自动气象站数据全部缺测的原因。（4）自动气象站计算机终端的硬盘或主板问题，导致采集发送过来的数据无法存贮，     

二道沟金矿床中黄铁矿晶体形态及热电性与金矿化的关系

已有文献认为:空穴型黄铁矿的存在对金成矿有利。作者对二道沟金矿床的研究表明,金矿化程度不仅与黄铁矿的热电性有关,而且与黄铁矿的晶体形态关系十分密切。富矿体中黄铁矿晶体形态复杂,种类多并以五角十二面体为主,叶夫济科娃晶体形态得分值(XFeS_)高;含矿较贫或不含矿的岩体黄铁矿晶体形态简单,种类少并以立方体为主,叶夫济科娃晶体形态得分值(XFeS_2)低。     

Taxonomic sufficiency for soft-bottom sublittoral mollusks assemblages in a tropical estuary, Guanabara Bay, Southeast Brazil

Guanabara Bay (GB) is considered to be one of the most polluted environments of the southern Brazilian coastline. This typical estuarine system is impacted by the heavy discharge of both industrial and domestic waste from the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. The mollusc community structure and distribution was investigated between 2000 and 2001, using a three month sampling design of 38 stations, according to austral seasons. Species abundance was aggregated into progressively higher taxa matrices (genus, family, order) and were analysed using multivariate techniques. Mollusc distribution in GB varied significantly in space and time and was probably ruled by the organic enrichment effects of hypoxia and altered redox conditions coupled with prevailing patterns of circulation. Within the sectors of GB an increasing gradient in mollusc diversity and occurrence was observed, ranging from the azoic and impoverished stations in the inner sector to a well-structured community in terms of species composition and abundance inhabiting the outer sector. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and cluster analysis showed similar results when species were aggregated into genera and families, while greater difference occurred at coarser taxonomic identification (order). The literature about taxonomic sufficiency has demonstrated that faunal patterns at different taxonomic levels tend to become similar with increased pollution. In Guanabara Bay, an analysis carried out solely at family level is perfectly adequate to describe the ecophysiological stress. Further aggregation to order level changed the perceived patterns of differences. However, a different taxonomic resolution can be chosen depending on the type of ecological patterns investigated.