Seasonal variation in lysosomal destabilization in oysters,Crassostrea virginica

Lysosomal destabilization assays have been used as valuable biomarkers of pollutant exposures in a variety of bivalve and fish species. The responses of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, deployed at and native to various reference and degraded sites were evaluated for lysosomal destabilization during both summer and winter seasons. In both native and deployed oysters, lysosomal destabilization rates tended to be higher during the winter at both reference and polluted sites. There are at least two hypothetical explanations. Greater lysosomal destabilization rates may be related to physiological changes associated with mobilization of nutrient reserves during the winter and gametogenesis. However, lysosomal destabilization in deployed oysters was correlated with tissue metal concentrations. These data also support a second hypothesis that seasonal differences in physico-chemical factors (such as reduced levels of acid volatile sulfides) may increase the bioavailability of metals during the winter so that adverse effects are more pronounced.     

Expression of P-glycoprotein in southeastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica

These studies provide important fundamental information regarding the expression of P-glycoprotein (p-gp) in southeastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Using rhodamine transport studies, p-gp activity was detected in newly fertilized embryos. A monoclonal antibody (C219) was used to evaluate p-gp expression in oyster tissues. On the basis of laboratory studies, p-gp expression tended to be higher in gill tissues than mantle tissues, and was generally not related to salinity differences. Seasonal studies were conducted with oysters collected monthly for 1 year from Lighthouse Creek, an unpolluted site. There was a general pattern of higher p-gp expression in the warmer months and lower expression in the colder months. In contrast, total gill protein concentrations decreased during the warmer months and increased during the colder months. These studies indicate that there are seasonal patterns in p-gp expression which may represent an adaptive response to natural stressors associated with summer conditions.     

气象卫星遥感技术在暴雨预报中的应用研究

气象卫星资料直观、形象、信息量大等特点使得其进行天气系统的动态监测具有无可替代的优势。辉发河流域暴雨预报中的应用表明，气象卫星云图可以有效地监测降水天气系统的演变过程，提高暴雨预报的准确率。信息处理技术的加强和高水平专家诊断的介入，将使气象卫星遥感技术在暴雨预报中的作用日益加强。     

吉林省暴雨洪涝灾害的某些成因分析

本文根据1951～1995年吉林省历年暴雨洪涝成灾面积,洪涝强度和范围,洪涝指标,确定的15个洪涝年有:1951、1953、1956、1957、1960、1963、1964、1965、1966、1969、1985、1986、1991、1994、1995等年。洪涝灾害主要是大范围暴雨、大暴雨造成的。本文研究了1956～1990年,有天气图资料的10个洪涝年,43次区域性暴雨的时空分布,影响系统和环流分布特征。通过对洪涝的变化规律分析,厄尔尼诺、太阳活动与洪涝的相关分析 ,地形、地理位置对洪涝的影响等认为 ,吉林省洪涝发生的成因和规律 ,是上述诸因素共同作用的结果。