2021年秋季江西异常高温天气及环流背景分析

2021年秋季江西出现范围广、强度强、持续时间长的高温天气过程,多项气温指标创历史同期新高,10月1—5日全省仍出现20站次危险性高温天气。利用江西省93个国家气象观测站、MICAPS观测资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对此次罕见秋季异常高温天气的过程的特征及环流背景场进行了分析讨论。结果表明：1） 西太平洋副热带高压是江西秋季高温天气的主导系统,强大的副热带高压控制区内盛行的下沉运动产生大气绝热加热是此次秋季异常高温的主要形成原因。同时,西风急流偏强以及南亚高压撤退时间偏晚,使得西风带短波槽脊活动不易影响到副热带地区,有利于副热带高压强度和位置的稳定维持,冷空气难以南下到达长江中下游地区,高温天气得以发展。2） 中低层暖平流输送有利于局地温度升高从而形成高温天气,江西上空对流层异常增温一定程度上加剧了该地区秋季高温的持续。3） 江西境内水汽通量散度呈现负距平,表明水汽辐散程度弱于常年同期,未出现水汽输送的大幅减弱。同时,对流层中下层存在一定的上升气流,部分水汽凝结形成降水。因此,异常高温期间未出现严重干旱。     

Characteristics of Lightning Activity in Southeast China and its Relation to theAtmospheric Background

Based on the lightning observation data from the Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) Lightning Mapping Imager (FY-4A/LMI) and the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the International Space Station (ISS), we extract the “event” type data asthe lightning detection results. These observations are then compared with the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning observationdata from the China Meteorological Administration. This study focuses on the characteristics of lightning activity inSoutheast China, primarily in Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas, from April to September, 2017–2022. In addition,with the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data, we further delved into thepotential factors influencing the distribution and variations in lightning activity and their primary related factors. Ourfindings indicate that the lightning frequency and density of the FY-4A/LMI, ISS-LIS and CG data are higher in southernand central Jiangxi, central Fujian Province, and western and central Guangdong Province, while they tend to be lower ineastern Hunan Province. In general, the high-value areas of lightning density for the FY-4A/LMI are located in inlandmountainous areas. The lower the latitude is, the higher the CG lightning density is. High-value areas of the CG lightningdensity are more likely to be located in eastern Fujian and southeastern Zhejiang Province. However, the high-value areasof lightning density for the ISS-LIS are more dispersed, with a scattered distribution in inland mountainous areas and alongthe coast of eastern Fujian. Thus, the mountainous terrain is closely related to the high-value areas of the lightning density.The locations of the high-value areas of the lightning density for the FY-4A/LMI correspond well with those for the CGobservations, and the seasonal variations are also consistent. In contrast, the distribution of the high-value areas of thelightning density for the ISS-LIS is more dispersed. The positions of the peak frequency of the FY-4A/LMI lightning andCG lightning contrast with local altitudes, primarily located at lower altitudes or near mountainsides. K-index andconvective available potential energy (CAPE) can better reflect the local boundary layer conditions, where the lightningdensity is higher and lightning seasonal variations are apparent. There are strong correlations in the annual variationsbetween the dew-point temperature (Td) and CG lightning frequency, and the monthly variations of the dew-point tem perature and CAPE are also strongly correlated with monthly variations of CG lightning, while they are weakly correlatedwith the lightning frequency for the FY-4A/LMI and ISS-LIS. This result reflects that the CAPE shows a remarkable effecton the CG lightning frequency during seasonal transitions.