中国冬季降水与AO关系的年代际变化

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、AO指数序列、全球SST资料以及全国160站月降水量资料,分析了1951/1952-2007/2008年我国冬季降水与AO指数的相互关系及其年代际变化。结果表明,我国冬季降水与AO的相关关系在1978/1979-1989/1990年非常显著。通过回归分析得出,1978/1979-1989/1990年AO与500 hPa东亚大槽密切相关,当AO偏强时,东亚大槽偏弱,西伯利亚高压偏弱,冬季风偏弱,低层我国东北地区有一异常反气旋,异常环流西南侧偏南、偏东风分量增强,有利于从西北太平洋和孟加拉湾向我国中部、东部输送水汽,影响冬季降水。东赤道太平洋SST可能对我国冬季降水与AO关系年代际变化有影响,当降水与AO的相关关系偏强时,降水与SST的相关关系则偏弱;1951/1952-1977/1978年和1990/1991-2007/2008年,SST与500 hPa副热带高压密切相关,当SST偏高时,副热带高压偏强,低层我国东部沿海、南海地区南风分量偏强,有利于向我国东南地区输送暖湿气流,影响东南地区冬季降水。     

黑龙江省冷害与全球变暖对水稻产量的影响(英文)

This study is focused on indexes for the rice chilling injury in Heilongjiang Province during 1960-2009. Firstly, we compared a new derived climate data weighted by rice planting density with the traditional method, and found that the new one is more reasonable to assess the impact of climate change on crop yields. Considering the frequency and intensity of rice chilling in the province, secondly, chilling indexes defined by meteorological, national and international levels were assessed. The result showed that the meteorological standards were suitable for the delayed-type injury, while the international one, so-called sum of Grow-ing Degree Day below threshold (GDDn-), characterized best the sterile-type chilling injury for rice. The explanation ability of the rice yield time series model including both injury types as two independent variables reached approximately 92% (p < 0.05). Finally, we concluded that the contribution rates of human and weather factors to rice yields are about 87.2% and 12.8% respectively, and as light increasing trend for sterile-type chilling injury was found during heading to flowing period in recent years, indicating a high chilling risk for rice planting in Heilongjiang Province in the future global warming.     

黑龙江省冷害对水稻产量的影响

以黑龙江省为例, 比较了在大尺度范围内、利用传统的站点平均法以及基于格点水稻密度分布的泰森多边形面积权重法所得的两种省级水稻气象数据差异, 并分析了1960-2009 年内, 不同时间尺度上温度和降水的变化趋势特点。针对当地水稻低温冷害频发及其危害严重的实际情况, 对比研究了气象行业标准(QX/T 101-2009) 和国家标准中有关低温冷害的指标定义, 以及国际上较通用的有效负积温算法(GDD_n-) 这三种指标在反映黑龙江省水稻冷害事件上的能力, 结果表明:气象行业标准可以较好地反映延期型冷害对水稻的影响, 而GDD指标在反映障碍型冷害上均优于气象行业及国家标准。利用时间序列模型对包含延迟型和障碍型两种冷害影响的黑龙江省水稻产量进行拟合, 回归方程的解释能力可达92% (p < 0.05)。本研究定量得出了人为因素和气象因素对黑龙江省水稻生产的影响分别占87.2%和12.8%的结论, 并检测出近年来水稻抽穗开花期障碍型冷害的波动增加趋势, 为明确今后低温冷害的防御重点提供科学参考。