A Bingham-plastic model for fluid mud transport under waves and currents

Simplified equations of fluid mud motion, which is described as Bingham-Plastic model under waves and currents, are presented by order analysis. The simplified equations are non-linear ordinary differential equations which are solved by hybrid numerical-analytical technique. As the computational cost is very low, the effects of wave current parameters and fluid mud properties on the transportation velocity of the fluid mud are studied systematically. It is found that the fluid mud can move toward one direction even if the shear stress acting on the fluid mud bed is much smaller than the fluid mud yield stress under the condition of wave and current coexistence. Experiments of the fluid mud motion under current with fluctuation water surface are carried out. The fluid mud transportation velocity predicted by the presented mathematical model can roughly match that measured in experiments.     

Probability of Sediment Incipient Motion Under Complex Flows

Presented in this paper is a mathematical model to calculate the probability of the sediment incipient motion,in which the effects of the fluctuating pressure and the seepage are considered.The instantaneous bed shear velocity and the pressure gradient on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow are obtained according to the PIV measurements.It is found that the instantaneous pressure gradient on the bed obeys normal distribution.The probability of the sediment incipient motion on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow is given by the mathematical model.The predicted results agree well with the experiment in the region downstream of the reattachment point while a large discrepancy between the theory and experiment is seen in the region near the reattachment point.The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.     

后台阶下游床面冲刷过程数值模拟研究

以床面瞬时剪应力作为泥沙起动及输运的水动力机制,建立了结构物周围复杂流场下床面局部冲刷的数学模型。并应用大涡模拟方法对后台阶下游三维湍流流动进行数值模拟,得到台阶下游床面瞬时剪应力的分布规律。为了确定床面瞬时剪应力与泥沙上扬通量的关系,先应用数学模型对不同模型参数下,冲刷开始后5分钟时台阶下游床面形状进行试算。通过试算与实验结果的比较,确定床面瞬时剪应力与泥沙上扬通量关系中需要的模型参数。进一步对冲刷开始后30分钟内台阶下游床面演化规律进行模拟,模拟结果与实验结果相符合。     

连云港淤泥质海床上波浪衰减研究──实验、观测及理论模型比较和评价

本文对连云港淤泥质海床波浪衰减问题通过室内实验、现场观测和理论模拟进行了综合研究，重点介绍了四种典型理论模型（粘性模型、粘弹性模型、宾汉模型及多孔介质模型），并通过与实验和现场观测结果的全面综合比较，对这些理论模型用于研究连云港地区波浪衰减规律的适用性进行了分析讨论。本文最后指出，针对连云港实际情况今后需要着重研究和发展波浪与淤泥底相互作用的非线性理论模型。     

Investigation of Scouring Mechanism Around A Circular Pier

In the present study,the flow field around a circular pier is investigated with experimental measurements and numerical simulations.The transient flow patterns during erosion are studied in detail.The results show that the traditional equations of particle motion are not perfect for the calculation of the sand motion under this complex flow situation.The scouring agents,such as turbulent intensity,the fluctuating pressure and the vertical pressure gradient,having many effects on the sand motion with the increasing scouring depth,need to be considered in modifying the traditional model.     

各向同性均匀湍流近壁结构及泥沙起动

采用振动格栅产生的各向同性均匀湍流研究了泥沙的起动。应用PTV技术和局部光学放大技术对湍流场进行了测量，发现近壁面湍流动能的指数分布规律。分析了泥沙在均匀同性湍流中的起动机制，并用概率统计理论对泥沙的起动进行了定量的描述。通过测定泥沙起动事件的概率，得到了同种泥沙在不同流动参数下起动的临界湍流动能。     

过山气流对烟气干扰的水槽模拟实验研究

地处丘陵山区的湖南省某电厂,由于受到复杂的山区气流场和气象条件的控制,电厂烟囱排出的烟气,受过山气流大涡旋运动流场的影啊,严重的污染大片农田及危害人体健康。本文通过利用分层流盐水槽所进行该电厂地形条件的模拟实验。详细的介绍了实验方法以及在中性与稳定层结条件下的流场特性和由于不同流场条件所造成烟气的运动规律。对不同的排烟高度所得到的不同烟气下沉距离进行了比较。从而提出了减少排烟污染的合理烟囱高度和位置。经与现场实测的结果对比,取得了相当一致的结果。     

长波和水流作用下浮泥流动机理研究

基于宾汉模型,并运用量级分析方法建立了长波、水流作用下浮泥运动简化方程。简化后的浮泥运动方程是一个非线性的常微分方程。运用解析与数值混合的方法进行求解,计算量很小。讨论了水流对泥面的剪应力、波幅、波长、浮泥层厚度以及浮泥密度等多组参数对浮泥输运速度的影响。研究表明,存在波浪的情况下,即使水流对泥面的剪应力远小于浮泥屈服应力浮泥也能出现定向的输运。     

高温海水钻井液现状及关键技术研究

在重点介绍国内外抗高温海水钻井液处理剂及钻井液体系的研究与应用情况的基础上,提出了几点针对高温海水钻井液未来研究方向的建议,抗200 ℃以上抗盐关键处理剂（如抗盐降滤失剂、增粘剂、防塌抑制剂、润滑剂等）、海水体系、检测仪器、高温环保等是超高温海水钻井液技术研究的方向。