韩国西南白垩系最下部Kyokpori组的漂砾沉积物研究

韩国西南白垩系最下部Ｋｙｏｋｐｏｒｉ组的漂砾沉积物研究＊Ｓ，Ｂ．Ｋｉｍ等１．引言（扇）三角洲陡坡上粗粒沉积物的水下沉积过程由各种非粘性沉积运动所共同控制，包括无粘性碎屑流、碎屑崩坍和高密集度的浊流（评论，见Ｎｅｍｅｃ，１９９０）。这些推论在很大程度上...     

Changing anthropogenic influence on the Santa Monica Bay watershed

Santa Monica Bay is an open coastal embayment located directly seaward of Los Angeles, California. The Bay provides vital economic value through its water-dependent activities, such as swimming, diving, boating, and fishing. An increase from 100,000 residents in 1900 to 10 million in 2000 has imposed numerous environmental stressors on the Bay, including urbanization of the watershed. Pollutant discharges into the Bay increased throughout the early part of the century, but declined following passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972. Since that time, the predominant source of pollutant inputs has changed from point sources to non-point urban runoff. To assess how present-day and historical pollution interact to affect the environmental quality of Santa Monica Bay, three organizations collaborated on a multi-disciplinary study in 1997, towards which this volume is focused. This paper details the temporal patterns of anthropogenic influence on Santa Monica Bay to provide context for the papers that follow.     

Integrated chronostratigraphy of Proterozoic-Cambrian boundary beds in the western Anabar region, northern Siberia

Carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks of the western Anabar region, northern Siberia, preserve an exceptional record of evolutionary and biogeochemical events near the Proterozoic/Cambrian boundary. Sedimentologically, the boundary succession can be divided into three sequences representing successive episodes of late transgressive to early highstand deposition; four parasequences are recognized in the sequence corresponding lithostratigraphically to the Manykal Formation. Small shelly fossils are abundant and include many taxa that also occur in standard sections of southeastern Siberia. Despite this coincidence of faunal elements, biostratigraphic correlations between the two regions have been controversial because numerous species that first appear at or immediately above the basal Tommotian boundary in southeastern sections have first appearances scattered through more than thirty metres of section in the western Anabar. Carbon- and Sr-isotopic data on petrographically and geochemically screened samples collected at one- to two-metre intervals in a section along the Kotuikan River, favour correlation of the Staraya Reckha Formation and most of the overlying Manykai Formation with sub-Tommotian carbonates in southeastern Siberia. In contrast, isotopic data suggest that the uppermost Manykai Formation and the basal 26 m of the unconformably overlying Medvezhya Formation may have no equivalent in the southeast; they appear to provide a sedimentary and palaeontological record of an evolutionarily significant time interval represented in southeastern Siberia only by the sub-Tommotian unconformity. Correlations with radiometrically dated horizons in the Olenek and Kharaulakh regions of northern Siberia suggest that this interval lasted approximately three to six million years, during which essentially all 'basal Tommotian' small shelly fossils evolved.     

Contemporary urbanization and an optimal size for Soviet cities

This article is an English translation of the work cited in 46: 3092. The authors review the conclusions of Pivovarov (see 44: Title 3118) concerning the nature of the urbanization process and optimal city size in the USSR. The relationship between urbanization and the characteristics of a given socioeconomic system is examined, and the possibility of determining optimal size for cities of different functional types is evaluated     

Some factors influencing variations in the rate of natural increase of population in western Maharashtra

This paper analyzes the impact of various factors on variations in the rate of natural increase of population in Western Maharashtra, India. By using district level data, coefficients of correlation have been calculated between the rate of natural increase, the birth rate and the death rate on the 1 hand and different factors affecting them on the other. The analysis shows that in Western Maharashtra the birth rate is high in response to the high death rate and the high infant mortality rate. It is also revealed that the rate of natural increase of the population declines with an increase in the proportion of working females as well as the proportion of educated males. All this signifies that the region under study is in the 2nd stage of the "demographic transition."     

希腊萨洛尼卡东北Gerakarou地点探槽初步研究

希腊萨洛尼卡东北Ｇｅｒａｋａｒｏｕ地点探槽初步研究程绍平，方仲景（国家地震局地质研究所，北京１０００２９）ＳＢＰａｖｌｉｄｅｓＡＡＣｈａｔｚｉｐｅｔｒｏｓ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＡｒｉｓｔｏｔｌｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｈｅｓｓａ     

国外地图修测与更新技术的发展趋势

随着基本比例尺地图测图工作的完成及经济的迅速发展，各国测缓机构面临的地图修测与更新工作的压力越来越大，为此，近几年来许多国家加强了有关方面的研究工作，并取得了许多成果，本文综述了近几年国外在这方面取得的最新进展及未来发展趋势。     

Composition and distribution of beach debris in Orange County, California

Many studies have quantified debris collected on beaches around the world. Only a few of those studies have been conducted in the United States, and they are largely limited to semi-quantitative efforts performed as part of volunteer clean-up activities. This study quantifies the distribution and composition of beach debris by sampling 43 stratified random sites on the Orange County, California coast, from August to September 1998. We estimated that approximately 106 million items, weighing 12 metric tons, occur on Orange County beaches. The most abundant items were pre-production plastic pellets, foamed plastics, and hard plastics. Debris density on the remote rocky shoreline was greater than that on high-use sandy beaches for most debris items. This finding partially reflects the periodic clean-up of high-use beaches by local municipalities, and also indicates that a high percentage of the observed debris was transported to the site from waterborne sources.     

俄罗斯全球导航卫星系统（GLONASS）现状与展望

俄罗斯全球导航卫星系统（GLONASS）的结构与GPS相近，是一种基于无线电导航的卫星系统。它可为全球各地或近地球空间提供全天候三维位置、速度测量和时间信息。但由于俄罗斯持续金融危机，经济恶化，缺乏足够的资金用于GLONASS的维持，使这一耗资30亿美元、历时10年发展起来的系统几经濒临瓦解。普京执政后，GLONASS的境况大有好转。一方面，普京执行恢复俄罗斯大国地位的政策，强调要加强与美国在太空中抗衡，并组建了世界上第一支航天部队第一系列强硬政策和措施，从而将GLONASS放在重要的战略地位来发展。另一方面，俄罗斯继续积极寻求国外对GLONASS投资，与中国和印度签署了共同发展GLONASS的协议。此外，为了满足系统运作的要求，加强了GLONASS的补网工作。2000年10月13日发射了三颗卫星，使在轨卫星达到13颗，接近该系统正常作业的要求。俄罗斯还决定在2001年再发射6颗卫星，2004年前至少发射15颗卫星以补充GLONASS系统的完整性。GLONASS将有可能进入自运营以来状态最好、发射卫星最多的时期。本文将GLONASS的卫星状态和最新政策作一介绍，并对今后发展趋势做了几点预测。