渭南市旅游资源管理评价信息系统的设计与实现

旅游资源单体作为旅游资源普查的重要成果,具有数量多、分布广、资料丰富等特点。利用计算机对旅游资源普查成果资料进行集中管理、分析、评价,对旅游资源的合理规划利用和旅游业的跨越式发展具有重要意义。本研究以组件式地理信息系统软件为基础平台,以GIS技术、数据库技术和模块设计技术为基本技术支持,设计开发了渭南市旅游资源管理评价信息系统,对其需求分析、体系结构、数据库建设及功能实现进行了详细探讨。     

广西扶贫开发与城乡协调发展战略探讨

广西石漠化地区人口-资源-环境-发展的矛盾非常突出。2002年，广西农村贫困人口仍有95．6万人，城乡居民收入差异、人均消费支出差异分别为3.43和3．37倍，明显高于同期全国的平均水平，因而是我国贫困人口集中、城乡差距问题突出的区域之一。在分析广西农村贫困化基本状况、发生成因基础上，梳理了近10多年来广西实施就地开发、对口帮扶、异地安置和小额信贷等主要的扶贫开发成功模式，进一步指出新形势下加快扶贫开发和统筹城乡协调发展的必要性，以及促进农村扶贫开发和城乡协调发展的可行战略。     

中国西北半干旱区土地景观变化成因--以榆林市为例

1 Introduction Landscape change is a result of the complex interactions between physical, biological, political, economic and social driving forces (Moody and Woodcock 1995; Apan et al., 2002). Landscape in arid and semi-arid China is extremely vulnerabl…     

区域生态安全动态变化及空间差异定量分析:以陕北黄土高原为例

1 Introduction Ecological security is defined as the goal of stakeholders to create a condition where the physical surroundings of a community provide for the needs of its inhabitants without diminishing its natural stock (Chen, 2002; Wachernagel et al.,…     

中国西部生态脆弱地区景观生态位的时空差异——以陕北延安地区为例

In this study, we attempt to put forward a conception of landscape ecological niche, enlightened by international scholars on extending the ecological niche theory from spatial niche to functional niche. That is helpful for comprehensively appraising landscape spatial patterns and ecological functions, also, presents a new method for analyzing landscape features from multidimensional aspects. The practice process is demonstrated by taking Yan’an region in northwestern China as a case. Firstly, the indices system including spatial attribute and functional attribute is established for assessing landscape ecological niche. Additionally, two-dimensional figures are drawn for comparing the spatio-temporal features of landscape ecological niche in 1987 and 2000 among the 13 administrative counties. The results show that from 1987 to 2000, towards Yan’an region, spatial attribute value of landscape ecological niche changes from 1.000 to 1.178 with an obvious increment, and functional attribute value changes from 0.989 to 1.069 with a little increment, both of which enhance the regional landscape ecological niche. Towards each county, spatial attribute value of landscape ecological niche increases to different extent while functional attribute value changes dissimilarly with an increment or a decrement.     

基于CorelDRAW和GIS软件的等高线地形图制作——以翠华山地形图为例

CorelDRAW是一款非专业的地图制作软件.但由于它的功能较多、图形处理功能强大,往往能够制作出其他专业地图制作软件无法达到的地图效果,而GIS软件在地图绘制等方面存在优势.以CorelDRAW和GIS软件制作等高线地形图为例,说明在一些特殊的情况下,将两类软件结合,不仅可以制作出精美的地图,更可以节约大量的时间,从而取得事半功倍的效果.     

基于耦合模型的中国能源生产与消费预测及其环境响应(英文)

The paper presents the prediction of total energy production and consumption in all provinces and autonomous regions as well as determination of the variation of gravity center of the energy production, consumption and total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue of China via the energy and environmental quality data from 1978 to 2009 in China by use of GM(1,1) model and gravity center model, based on which the paper also analyzes the dynamic variation in regional difference in energy production, consumption and environmental quality and their relationship. The results are shown as follows. 1) The gravity center of energy production is gradually moving southwestward and the entire movement track approxi-mates to linear variation, indicating that the difference of energy production between the east and west, south and north is narrowing to a certain extent, with the difference between the east and the west narrowing faster than that between the south and the north. 2) The gravity center of energy consumption is moving southwestward with perceptible fluctuation, of which the gravity center position from 2000 to 2005 was relatively stable, with slight annual position variation, indicating that the growth rates of all provinces and autonomous regions are basically the same. 3) The gravity center of the total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue is characterized by fluctuation in longitude and latitude to a certain degree. But, it shows a southwestward trend on the whole. 4) There are common ground and discrepancy in the variation track of the gravity center of the energy production & consumption of China, and the comparative analysis of the gravity center of them and that of total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue shows that the environmental quality level is closely associated with the energy production and consumption (especially the energy consumption), indicating that the environment cost in economy of energy is higher in China.     

陕西河谷盆地生态系统服务协同与权衡时空差异分析

陕西河谷盆地是区域主要粮食基地和社会经济中心,人口增长、城镇化和工业化的加快发展,使得该地区生态环境受到人类活动的强烈冲击,生态环境面临着潜在的巨大危机,严重影响社会经济的可持续发展。本文选取西北地区经济中心—关中盆地和陕西省生态保护指定区—汉中盆地进行对比研究,以1990-2010年的生态系统服务数据（NPP、保水服务、食物供给）分析生态服务时空差异,通过相关分析、线性和幂函数回归等方法分析了生态系统服务协同与权衡的时空差异。结果表明：NPP与保水是协同关系,NPP与食物供给、保水与食物供给是权衡关系;21年中,两大盆地的协同关系均呈减弱趋势,权衡关系为加强趋势,且关中盆地的变化速度要高于汉中盆地;NPP与保水的协同程度,在关中盆地东部的耕地区域以及汉中盆地的宁强县与略阳县西部最强,以关中的铜川市和汉中的西乡县最弱;NPP与食物供给的权衡程度,在关中盆地的铜川市和西安市境内的秦岭区域以及汉中盆地的西乡县南部制约关系更为突出,以关中的宝鸡市及汉中的略阳县最弱。     

关中盆地生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系动态分析北大核心CSCDCSSCI

测算2000-2012年关中盆地的净初级生产力(NPP)价值量、土壤保持价值量和食物供给价值量,通过引入玫瑰图来研究不同土地利用类型中生态系统服务的时空差异,进而探究三种生态系统服务的权衡和协同关系,并分析其在近13年间的动态变化特征,最后研究土地利用变化对生态系统服务权衡和协同关系的影响来探究其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)研究区NPP单位面积年均价值量约为1720.495元/hm^2,土壤保持单位面积年均价值量约为768.889元/hm^2,食物供给单位面积年均价值量约为167.874元/hm^2。从空间角度分析,NPP和土壤保持的高值区均分布在盆地边缘的山地,低值区集中于盆地中部,而食物供给呈相反格局。从时间角度分析,三种生态系统服务均呈现增加的趋势。2000-2012年,NPP单位面积价值量增幅为21%,土壤保持单位面积价值量增幅为46.7%,食物供给单位面积价值量增幅为245.7%。(2)NPP与土壤保持呈现协同关系,而NPP与食物供给、土壤保持与食物供给呈现权衡关系。(3)13年来关中盆地生态系统服务呈现冲突加强协同减弱的趋势。具体而言,NPP与土壤保持的协同关系表现出明显的下降趋势,NPP与食物供给的权衡关系逐渐增强,而土壤保持与食物供给的权衡关系在13年间基本保持稳定状态。(4)从土地利用变化的角度看,研究区生态系统服务权衡增加协同减少主要归因于耕地和林地的大量减少。同时,权衡土地资源利用中各类冲突对于土地资源的优化使用也有重大的意义。     

基于Whittaker滤波的陕西省植被物候特征

运用Whittaker滤波重构MODIS NDVI时序数列,利用地理探测器对比滤波前后影像信噪比,采用动态阈值法获取2000-2012年陕西省植被的3个关键物候参数(返青期、枯黄期和生长周期),在此基础上分析了该区植被物候参数空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)Whittaker滤波能够平滑原始NDVI曲线,有效减少原始影像的噪声,提高影像辨识度,并且参数设置简单;(2)陕西省植被物候地区分异明显,不同气候区划类植被物候表现出中温带半干旱区-暖温带半干旱区-暖温带半湿润区-北亚热带湿润区的递变规律:返青期逐步提前,枯黄期逐步推迟;(3)植被物候受高程和纬度影响,并且纬度影响更显著。海拔每升高200 m,返青期推迟1.3 d,枯黄期提前0.6 d;纬度每升高0.5°,返青期推迟3.6 d,枯黄期提前1.2 d。