An approach to the modeling of viscoelastic damage. Application to the long‐term creep of gypsum rock materials

A three‐dimensional phenomenological model is developed to describe the long‐term creep of gypsum rock materials. The approach is based on the framework of continuum damage mechanics where coupling with viscoelasticity is adopted. Specifically, a local damage model based on the concept of yield surface is proposed and deeply investigated. Among the many possibilities, we choose in this work its coupling with a generalized Kelvin–Voigt rheological model to formulate the whole behavior. Long‐term as well as short‐term relaxation processes can be integrated in the model by means of as many as necessary viscoelastic processes. The numerical discretization is described for an easy integration within a finite element procedure. Finally, a set of numerical simulations is given to show the possibilities of the presented model. It shows good agreement with some experimental results found in the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江三角洲内部极化效应及浙江第三产业结构调整战略

文章分析了长江三角洲(以下简称长三角)内部的极化效应,表现为浙江和江苏的生产要素在向上海的移动。找出了促进极化的3个因素：一是我国的社会发展的历史阶段及其世界范围的经济结构调整,强化了极化效应;二是来自上海方面对于生产要素的吸引;三是周边省份的生产扩张。阐述了上海极化作用为浙江第三产业结构调整提供的四大机遇,即房地产业、休闲旅游业、服务业、物流业的发展。提出了浙江在应对极化过程中第三产业结的构调整战略,即规模战略、层次战略、国际化战略、地域整合战略和市场主导战略。     

基于轨迹偏移算法的居民就医时空特征与空间格局分析

居民就医时空特征与空间格局反映了医疗设施的服务能力与布局合理性.本文以厦门岛为例,采用出租车轨迹数据,探讨了居民就医的时空特征和空间格局.论文提出了基于道路中心线的研究单元划分方法;提出OD轨迹偏移算法,更精细地提取出三级医院的就医OD数据,改善传统的缓冲区分析法中精确度较低的问题;对居民就医行为进行时空特征分析;基于...     

近年来我国冰流动研究进展

本简要介绍我国学１９８７年以来在国内外冰流动理论和试验研究中取得的进展，包括晶粒长大规律、异向性冰的第三蠕变、压剪联合作用下冰的流动以及全新世冰和冰期冰流动性质的差别等，并加以评论。     

THE EVOLUTION OF SERVICE ECONOMIES: A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE1

Of the several classifications of services, each emphasizes different characteristics. The International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) is used for a comparative study on the transformation into service economies of the U.S., Canada, Great Britain, France, West Germany, Italy and Japan. Service economies are defined as national economies in which employment in services surpassed that in manufacturing. The pace of the evolution of service economies has been rapid with North America leading, followed in order by Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan and West Germany. Service economies have important implications for urban growth, intercity competition, and international trade.     

Reassembling the Paleogene–Eocene North Atlantic igneous province: New paleomagnetic constraints from the Isle of Mull, Scotland

The paleomagnetic data sets from the British Tertiary Igneous Province (BTIP) have recently been criticized as being unreliable and discordant with data from elsewhere in the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) [Riisager et al. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 201 (2002) 261–276; Riisager et al. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 214 (2003) 409–425]. We offer new paleomagnetic data for the extensive lava flow sequence on the Isle of Mull, Scotland, and can confirm the paleomagnetic pole positions emanating from important earlier studies. Our new north paleomagnetic pole position for Eurasia at 59 ± 0.2 Ma has latitude 73.3°N, longitude 166.2°E (dp/dm = 5.2/7.0).A re-evaluation and an inter-comparison of the paleomagnetic database emanating from the NAIP were carried out to test for sub-province consistency. We find a general agreement between the Eurasian part of NAIP (BTIP and Faeroes) and East Greenland data. However a compilation of West Greenland data displays a large and unexplained dispersion. We speculate on if this is related to different sense of block rotation of the Tertiary West Greenland constituents. Combining all data from the NAIP constituents, give a pole position at 75.0°N, 169.9°E (N = 25, K = 84.3, A₉₅ = 3.2) in Eurasian reference frame.     

福建省第三产业发展的区域比较分析

运用可拓工程方法和主成分分析方法建立了福建省第三产业发展水平的综合评判物元模型。模型的输出结果表明：福建省各地区第三产业发展水平差距悬殊；综合关联度将第三产业发展水平划分成4个等级，单指标关联度则揭示了各地区第三产业发展的优、劣势。     

Solid state C NMR studies of selected oil shales from Queensland, Australia

Solid state ¹³C NMR techniques of cross polarization with magic-angle spinning, and interrupted decoupling have been employed to examine the nature of the organic matter in eight kerogen concentrates representing five Tertiary deposits in Queensland, Australia. The NMR results show that five of the kerogens have high proportions of aliphatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type I–II algal kerogens. Three of the kerogens, derived from carbonaceous shales, have a high proportion of aromatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type III kerogens. The fractions of aliphatic carbon in all the kerogens, regardless of type, are shown to correlate with the conversion characteristics of the corresponding raw shales during Fischer assay. Interrupted decoupling NMR results show the presence of more oxygen-substituted carbon in the carbonaceous shales, which may account for the greater CO₂ evolution and phenolic materials found in the pyrolysis products of the carbonaceous shales.     

沿海地区海洋第三产业与区域经济发展关系实证研究

文章根据2006—2016年我国11个沿海省、市、自治区海洋第三产业产值和GDP相关数据,采用变系数模型定量分析了沿海地区海洋第三产业与区域经济发展之间的关系,结果表明:①我国沿海地区海洋经济发展势头良好,并开始由量的增加转变为质的提高,总体海洋产业结构模式表现为三二一模式,海洋主导产业为第三产业。②沿海11个省 、市、自治区海洋第三产业发展对区域经济增长存在促进作用。因此提出优化升级海洋产业结构,积极发展海洋第三产业、提升海洋科技创新水平、构建多元化融资机制等针对性的建议。     

江苏省第三产业素质分析与主导方向选择

第三产业是一个国家或地区经济发展水平的重要标志。江苏省正处于以工业经济为主转向工业经济与服务经济并重的时期,第三产业主导方向的选择尤为重要。该文利用投入产出表,运用中间需求率、中间投入率、劳动报酬率、对信息业和金融业的直接消耗系数和净流出率等指标,对江苏省第三产业各行业的产业素质进行系统分析,提出第三产业发展的主导方向应选择交通运输仓储业、金融保险业、信息传输计算机服务和软件业、科学研究事业和综合技术服务业,并针对目前存在的问题,提出相关的政策调控建议。