Hematological changes in white spot syndrome virus-infected shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck)

The pathological changes of hemocytes in the haemolymph and hepatopancreas were examined in experimentally and naturally WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) infected Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The results showed that the pathological manifestations of hemocytes were similar among moribund shrimps infected via injection, feeding and by nature. Firstly, the total hemocyte counts (THCs) in WSSV-infected shrimp were significantly lower than those in healthy shrimp. Secondly, necrotic, broken and disintegrated cells were often observed, and a typical hematolysis was present in the haemolymph smear of WSSV-infected shrimp. Thirdly, necrosis and typical apoptosis of hemocytes were detected with TEM in the peripheral haemolymph of WSSV-infected shrimp. Hyalinocytes and semi-granulocytes with masses of WSSVs in their nuclei often appeared, whereas no granular hemocytes with WSSV were found in the hepatopancreas of moribund infected shrimps. All our results supported that hemocytes were the main target cells of WSSV, and hyalinocytes and semigranular hemocytes seemed to be more favorable for WSSV infection in F. chinensis.     

脑啡肽对栉孔扇贝血细胞聚集和附贴的影响

用质量浓度为2,5和25mg/L的脑啡肽对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)血细胞聚集和附贴的影响进行了研究。结果表明质量浓度为2~25mg/L的脑啡肽均抑制血细胞的聚集,并且随着脑啡肽质量浓度的升高,对血细胞聚集的抑制作用加强。2mg/L的脑啡肽促进血细胞的附贴,5mg/L和25mg/L的脑啡肽抑制血细胞的附贴。实验证明脑啡肽对栉孔扇贝的免疫调节有重要作用。     

杂色鲍血细胞分类、结构和免疫功能的流式细胞术分析

应用流式细胞术对杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor Reeve)血细胞的分类、结构和免疫功能进行分析。根据细胞前向角散射光(FSC)和侧向角散射光(SSC)强度的不同,可将血细胞分为三个亚群:透明细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞,组成比例分别为32.71%、58.17%和8.55%。血细胞的平均总凋亡和死亡率为3.76%。血细胞对荧光微球的总吞噬率为63.67%,其中吞噬1个、2个、3个及以上荧光微球的血细胞分别占22.31%、16.39%、24.96%。线粒体数量、溶酶体数量、非特异性酯酶活性和非诱导性活性氧(ROS)含量均在大颗粒细胞中最高,透明细胞最低。结果表明,杂色鲍三类血细胞在结构和功能上均存在差异,两类颗粒细胞可能在鲍类免疫过程中发挥着更为重要的作用。     

红螯螯虾鳃细胞与血细胞分子标记的鉴定

甲壳动物的鳃中富集了大量血细胞,在循环血细胞稳态调节和免疫防御中发挥重要作用,因此获得区分鳃细胞和血细胞的分子标记将有助于研究鳃血细胞的功能。本研究采用SDS-PAGE电泳法比较了红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)鳃细胞和血细胞的蛋白表达谱,获得3条组织特异性蛋白条带,并通过质谱技术鉴定了8个候选蛋白。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析表明,空泡型-H⁺-ATP合酶C亚基(vacuolar-H⁺-ATPase subunit C, V-H⁺-ATPase)在鳃细胞中的转录水平是在血细胞中的53.3倍;而α-2-巨球蛋白(alpha-2-macroglobulin, α2M)和卵黄膜外层蛋白(vitelline membrane outer layer protein I-like protein, VMO-Ia)在血细胞中的转录水平分别是在鳃细胞中的10.3倍和10.9倍。Western-blot和免疫荧光分析表明,V-H⁺-ATPase和VMO-Ia蛋白分别在鳃细胞和血...     

甲壳动物造血机制研究进展

血细胞是甲壳动物的免疫细胞,可通过吞噬、包囊、结节、黑化,以及分泌免疫活性分子等方式杀死和清除入侵的病原体。活跃的造血机能对更新和补充损耗的循环血细胞、维持一个稳定有效的免疫系统是至关重要的。相对脊椎动物而言,人们对包括甲壳动物在内的无脊椎动物的造血机制了解比较有限。本文总结了近年来在甲壳动物造血机制方面的研究进展,主要介绍了血细胞的类型和功能、造血组织的结构和细胞组成、血细胞的分化途径、造血的调控机制,以及相关的细胞模型和体外实验技术等。并在此基础上分析了已有研究存在的缺陷,提出了需要进一步探究的问题。     

日本蟳血细胞及血液生化指标的研究

以光镜和电镜观察了日本蝠（Charybdisjaponica）血细胞的形态结构,分析了各类血细胞的大小、数量比例及功能,并测定了不同发育时期及饥饿状态的日本蝽血清主要生化指标。结果表明：日本蝠血细胞可分为4种类型,从小到大依次为：无颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞、中间型细胞和大颗粒细胞;其核质比分别为：53．23％、33．64％...     

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri) 血细胞类型及抗菌力的研究

用2种方法将栉孔扇贝血细胞分为2大类透明细胞、颗粒细胞.吉姆萨染色观察,透明细胞的细胞质中颗粒很少,细胞核圆形,居中,细胞质较少,核质比大;颗粒细胞比透明细胞大且多,染色深,但核质比小,在细胞质中有颗粒,有些颗粒细胞具双核.密度梯度离心结果,透明细胞主要位于上层,颗粒细胞则大部分位于下层.吞噬力、抗菌活力、溶菌活力及活性氧检测结果表明,颗粒细胞均强于透明细胞.     

多巴胺对凡纳滨对虾血细胞免疫作用效应途径的研究

本文通过血细胞体外培养,研究了多巴胺(DA)及多巴胺受体(DARs)拮抗剂对凡纳滨对虾血细胞信号转导通路和免疫防御效应的影响。结果表明:DA及DARs拮抗剂对凡纳滨对虾血细胞内信号通路因子(AC、PLC、cAMP、DAG、PKA、PKC)和免疫防御效应(酚氧化酶原活力、酚氧化酶活力、吞噬率及抗菌活力)影响显著(P <0.05)。在DA作用下血细胞第二信使合成酶(AC、PLC)、第二信使(cAMP、DAG)及蛋白激酶(PKA、PKC)含量显著升高;与DA处理组相比,DARs 1型拮抗剂对血细胞信号通路因子具有显著抑制作用,且表现出剂量效应,而DARs 2型拮抗剂引起AC、cAMP和PKA信号通路因子明显升高,PLC、DAG和PKC信号通路因子无显著变化。DA作用后血细胞酚氧化酶原活力、吞噬率及抗菌活力均显著降低,而胞吐酚氧化酶活力显著升高;与DA处理组相比,DARs 1型拮抗剂对血细胞上述免疫防御效应具有显著抑制作用,且呈剂量效应,而DARs 2型拮抗剂血细胞吞噬活力显著降低,而其他免疫防御效应无显著变化。混合DARs拮抗剂均与1型拮抗剂作用类似。综合上述研究结果得出,DA主要通过凡纳滨对虾膜上1型DAR激活AC-cAMP-PKA和PLC-DAG-PKC信号通路调控血细胞吞噬活力、proPO系统和免疫活性因子的胞吐,2型DARs抑制AC-cAMP-PKA信号通路,辅助调控吞噬作用。     

Modulation by Biogenic Amines for the Hemocyte Count and Prophenoloxidase Exocytosis via Receptors in Litopenaeus vannamei

Hemocyte counts and phenoloxidase(PO)activity were examined after hemolymph being incubated in dopamine(DA),noradrenaline(NE)and serotonin(5-HT).Results showed that all the three biogenic amines(BAs)had a significant impact on total hemocyte count(THC),differential hemocyte count(DHC),and intracelluar and extracelluar phenoloxidase(PO)activity.Among these Bas,DA had the strongest effect on the above parameters,whereas 5-HT had the least effect.Preincubation with D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390,D2 receptor a...     

Effect of dopamine injection on the hemocyte count and prophenoloxidase system of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Effects of dopamine injection on the hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, serine proteinase activity, proteinase in-hibitor activity and α2-macroglobulin-like activity in L. vannamei were studied. Results showed that dopamine injection resulted in a significant effect on the parameters measured (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the control group (0.85% NaCl). In the experimental groups,the hemocyte count reached the minimum in 3 h;granular and semi-granular cells became stable after 12 h and hyaline cells and the total hemocyte count became stable after 18 h. Phenoloxidase activity reached the minimum in 6 h, and then became stable after 9 h. Serine protease activity and proteinase inhibitor activity reached the minimum in 3 h, and α2-macro-globulin-like activity reached the maximum in 3 h,and all the three parameters became stable after 12 h. The results suggest that the activating mechanisms of the proPO system triggered by dopamine are different from those triggered by invasive agents or sponta-neously activated under a normal physical condition.