美国地质灾害防治现状综述

地质灾害的防治研究受到世界各国的广泛重视,本文从地灾防治基础理论、职能部门工作方式入手,对美国科研界的非饱和土理论最新研究进展、美国地质调查局(USGS)地质灾害防治中心的日常工作形式进行了较为全面的阐述。除此之外,还结合作者自身参与的滑坡灾害调研活动,对美国科研人员的野外基本工作方法、野外工作的最主要目的进行了描述。在此基础上,还对中美两国地灾防治现状进行了简要对比,本文所阐述的内容可为相关领域的研究人员提供一定的参考。     

Quantitative Assessment of Hydrocarbon Expulsion of Petroleum Systems in the Niuzhuang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Based on a detailed survey of the distribution and organic geochemical characteristics of potential source rocks in the South Slope of the Niuzhuang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China, a new approach to assess the amount of hydrocarbons generated and expelled has been developed. The approach is applicable to evaluate hydrocarbons with different genetic mechanisms. The results show that the models for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion vary with potential source rocks, depending on thermal maturity, types of organic matter and paleoenvironment. Hydrocarbons are mostly generated and expelled from source rocks within the normal oil window. It was calculated that the special interval (algal-rich shales of the ES4 member formed in brackish environments) in     

东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝物源体系

滩坝是东营凹陷沙四上亚段的一个重要沉积体系。根据岩石中岩屑组分的类型及组合特征、砂岩成分成熟度、砂体展布方向及古地理格局等对东营凹陷沙四上亚段进行了物源体系的研究。研究区存在9大物源体系,其中广饶凸起、鲁西隆起、滨县凸起和高青三角洲为滩坝的形成提供了物源。根据物源与滩坝的关系,将研究区划分为基岩-滩坝物源体系、正常三角洲-滩坝物源体系、扇三角洲-滩坝物源体系;由于物源的性质、供给强度的不同,造成滩坝在宏观展布和储层特征上存在明显差异。     

Application of Biomarkers to Quantitative Source Assessment of Oil Pools

Recent detailed organic geochemical and geological investigation indicate that oils of the Bamianhe oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin, East China are the mixture of less mature oils and normal oils derived from the ES4 mudstones and shales with a wide range of thermal maturity from immature to middle-maturity, and most of the oils were proved to be sourced from the depocenter of the Niuzhuang Sag immediately adjacent to the Bamianhe oilfield. Two approaches to quantify the amount of immature oils mixed through quantitative biomarkers were established. One is a relatively simple way only through organic geochemical analysis while the other is to be combined with basin modeling. Selecting biomarkers as proxies is the crucial point in both of them. The results show that the less mature oils mixed in the Bamianhe oilfield is less than 10% and 18% respectively based on the two approaches, which coincide with the results of oil-source rock correlation.     

厄瓜多尔奥连特盆地斜坡带地震多属性储层预测

南美安第斯前陆盆地斜坡带主要含油气圈闭为低幅度构造-岩性圈闭,储层预测是厄瓜多尔奥连特盆地低幅度隐蔽圈闭识别和描述的重要环节。为了准确预测储层砂体及油藏空间分布特征,采用高品质3D地震资料,沿层提取包括AVO信息在内的多种地震属性参数,利用地震属性和已知井的地层物性参数建立统计对应关系,并利用这一关系预测了未知点地层的储层物性、砂岩储层空间分布特征和储层含油气性特征预测。结果表明:预测结果与已有钻井吻合程度较高;下一步勘探潜力区位于区块南部和西部。     

Using geochemical tracing system to identify new types of gas sources in marine strata of the Hotan River Gas Field in the Tarim Basin

There are natural gas sources of various modes of occurrence in superimposed basins. Besides the conventional kerogen and ancient oil reservoir, dispersed soluble organic matter (DSOM) is an important direct gas source. Because of its wide distribution, great potential to generate gas and proneness to crack under catalysis, DSOM is an important type of gas source in the highly evolved zones in marine strata. Through the geological and geochemical analysis that reflects the long-period evolvement and multipl...     

从测试成果揭示新场气田特征及压裂开发效果

新场气田是四川盆地西部凹陷-典型多类型，多层系的低渗透-致密陆相碎屑岩气藏叠置而成的大气田，新场气田勘探开发各阶段中，充分应用DST测试，完井测试，压裂测试，生产试井等手段，通过对气藏（层）压力，气藏（层）温度及相应气层流体性质和流量等资料的分析来揭示气藏（层）特征及压裂开发效果是气田滚动开发较为有效的手段。     

东泰气田Jp1气藏开发经济评价

对东泰气田Jp^1气藏拟定的两套开发方案从投资估算、盈利能力等技术经济角度出发，对两套开发方案进行了技术经济评价和对比分析，得出两套开发方案中更加合理的开发方案，对东泰气田蓬一气藏的勘探与开发提供了技术经济指导。     

鲁北济阳坳陷沾化凹陷东部潜山的发育及油气成藏控制因素

通过对沾化凹陷东部主要断裂发育演化的特征和主要地震测线的平衡剖面、伸展率分析,对该地区潜山发育过程及其与盆地演化的关系进行了研究,并就潜山油气成藏的控制因素进行了分析。结果表明,沾化凹陷东部潜山发育可以划分为早—中三叠世、晚三叠世、早—中侏罗世的潜山发育前期,晚侏罗世—白垩纪的潜山发育期,古近纪的潜山改造、定型期和新近纪—第四纪的潜山成藏期,断裂活动是本区潜山形成演化的主控因素。沾化凹陷东部潜山油气成藏主要受控于该区中、新生代盆地的叠合关系,中生代凸起和古近纪凹陷的叠合部位是最有利的潜山油气成藏区,中生代凸起和古近纪凸起的叠合部位不利于潜山成藏,往往形成潜山披覆背斜油气藏。