微板块与大板块：基本原理与范式转换

传统板块构造理论50多年来一直是占统治地位的地学理论，是理解固体地球运行的基本范式，但遇到三大难题：板块起源、板内变形和板块驱动力。针对这三大难题，微板块构造理论试图开拓一个全球构造研究的新范式。本文通过与传统板块构造理论中基本原理的逐条对比，阐明了微板块构造理论的基本原理和优势及其对传统板块构造理论的拓展。微板块构造范式既不同于传统板块构造范式，又不同于地幔柱范式，是两者的重要补充与拓展。文中着重从几何学、运动学、动力学、适用范围、理论出发点、理论假设与预测的角度，阐明了大板块与微板块的异同，并探讨了两者的转换关系及其转换机制的多样性，介绍了微板块生长成为大板块的4种途径、大〖JP2〗板块破碎为微板块的3种转换模式，探索了前板块构造体制下微地块在非线性地球系统中通过自组织、自生长等方式，进化为板块体制下微板块的自然选择过程。本文还提出陆壳型微地块是密度选择的结果，其密度决定了其保存机制，这是陆壳起源的根本；〖JP〗微地块向微板块的转变是刚性选择的结果，其刚性是初始板块构造体制起始的必要条件；微板块不对称俯冲或对流型式的转变是热选择的结果，其热不对称性是现代板块构造体制起始的必要条件。     

松花江流域湿地保护生态补偿机制研究

为研究湿地保护生态补偿机制,本研究以松花江流域湿地为例,通过分析松花江流域湿地的生态现状,结合生态补偿的案例,探讨松花江流域湿地保护生态补偿机制,主要包括:退耕还湿补偿、开发重建补偿、封闭及立法补偿、湿地银行补偿、湿地替代费补偿、湿地被许可人自行补偿等。在补偿的过程中,注意解决补偿的主客体、补偿的融资和支付、退耕居民的安置和补偿的收费等一系列问题。并对湿地恢复后期的保护管理工作提出相关建议,为松花江流域湿地保护和恢复提供科学依据。     

高速公路施工对地磁观测的影响

观测环境的破坏对地磁观测的影响是严重的,用仪器如实地记录环境的变化,用实际观测的数据来研究外界干扰的影响很有意义。利用郑州地震台的地磁资料,采用趋势分析、相关分析等方法,对高速公路施工期间的观测资料进行研究。最后得出高速公路施工的不同时期,对地磁观测的影响情况,和相同影响情况下模拟仪器和数字化仪器记录的差异。     

Genesis of Silica-phosphatic Nodules with Small Shelly Fossils Preserved in the Lowermost Cambrian of South China

Silica-phosphatic nodules are abundant in black shales of the Yanjiahe Formation in the Three Gorges Area of South China, which is correlated to the Fortunian Stage, Terreneuvian Series, Cambrian System. The nodules are rich in small shelly fossils and hence attract the attention of numerous paleontologists and sedimentary geologists. However, the genesis of the nodules and the preservation of the small shelly fossils are poorly understood. Here we analyze morphological, structural, mineralogical and chemical features of the nodules in multiscale using a combination of micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser Raman spectroscopy. Results reveal that nodules are concentric in chemical and mineralogical compositions, comprising a silica-phosphatic core encrusted sequentially by a phosphatic zone, a siliceous zone and a very thin pyrite outer rim. The black shales hosting the nodules demonstrate a laminated texture of alternating clayey and silty laminae, which were respectively deposited in sulfidic/less sulfidic, high/low production, intense/weak chemical weathering conditions. The phosphogenesis of the nodules resulted in the phosphatization of small shelly fossils, which prevented the fossils from being dissolved during diagenesis, whereas the silica encrustation sealed the fossils within the nodules and thus protected the fossils from alteration by deep burial and surface weathering.     

利用伸缩仪观测资料检测日本9．0级大地震激发的地球自由振荡

利用河南信阳台和河北张家口台伸缩仪的数字化观测资料,采用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对资料进行去固体潮处理的情况下,准确获得了2011年3月11日日本9．0级大地震激发的0S4-0S39基频球型自由振荡,并与地球初步参考模型（PREM）的理论自由振荡频率进行了对比,发现实测振荡频率与PREM预测的振荡频率基本符合。     

一种复杂海天背景下的红外舰船目标自动检测方法

提出了一种红外舰船目标检测算法。首先,利用设计好的频域组合高通滤波器对原始红外图像进行处理,以得到舰船目标可能存在的区域即目标潜在区;然后,对获得的目标潜在区进行尺度自适应的局部阈值分割,进而提取出较为完整的舰船目标或者虚假目标;最后通过检测吃水线特征来筛选出正确的舰船目标。实验结果表明,此算法能够有效地检测出复杂海天背景条件下的红外舰船目标,且具有一定的时效性。     

青岗坪金矿区折离断层系统的控矿作用

通过对青岗坪金矿区内发育的拆离断层系统的具体分析，揭示了其产生，发展的过程，对由其控制的几类金矿脉的形成机制进行了合理的探讨，并对不同的成矿阶段进行了划分。     

An Exploration into the West Henan Large Sliding Structure in the South of the North China Plate

The West Henan large sliding structure is located in the southern part of the North China plate. It is a planar structural feature of a relatively large scale. To its northwest lie the Taihang Mountains, and to the southwest the Funiu Mountain. In the east it extends between the broad plain and hilly land. Formed in the early Indosinian Period, its main sliding surface is the coal seam II 1 with the sliding direction from NW to SE, and a sliding area of about 23,000 km2. Affected by the big sliding, the coal seam II1 in West Henan occurs in the state of powder, and thickens to the SE. Some small penetrating sliding structures were developed over II 1 in the early Yanshanian Period, causing a disorder on the south border of the North China coal-accumulating basin in the late Palaeozoic Era. An exploration into the West Henan large sliding structure is of great importance in the geological study.