中国大陆及华北地区地震资料的小波分析

基于地震活动为多尺度多活动这一观点，运用小波变换方法，以不同的小波尺度分析了中国大陆1900～2001年和华北地区1500～2001年M≥5地震的本尼奥夫应变资料，得到了各种层次地震活跃期和平静期，分析结果可信而又符合实际。对历史地震研究和地震危险性预测具有一定的参考价值。     

Identification on threshold and efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water in semi-arid loess hilly areas

As one critical source of water for maintaining ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions, rainfall replenishment to soil water can determine vegetation growth and ecosystem functions. However, the limited rainfall resources were often not used effectively in the semi-arid loess hilly areas due to random temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and specific vegetation features. Thus, it is highly significant to determine the threshold and efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water under different vegetation types. The threshold and efficiency can offer scientific evidence for rehabilitating vegetation and improving efficiency of using rainfall resources. In this study, the efficiency and threshold of rainfall replenishment to soil water were determined under natural grassland, wheat, artificial grassland, sea buckthorn shrubland and Chinese pine forestland based on consecutive measurements. The results indicated that the lag-time, rate, efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water were closely related to vegetation type, with significant differences existing among different vegetation types. The lag-time for natural grassland in the soil horizon of 20 cm was the shortest one (26.4 h), followed by wheat (27.8 h), sea buckthorn (41.8 h), artificial grassland (50.0 h) and Chinese pine (81.8 h).The value of replenishment rate, followed the order of wheat (0.40 mm h^–1)> natural grassland (0.30 mm h^–1)> sea buckthorn (0.17 mm h^–1)> artificial grassland (0.14 mm h^–1)> Chinese pine (0.09 mm h^–1). As for the efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water, natural grassland was the most efficient one (35.1%), followed by wheat (29.2%), sea buckthorn (16.8%), artificial grassland (11.5%), Chinese pine (4.2%). At last, it was found that wheat had the lowest threshold (6.8 mm) of rainfall replenishment to soil water, which was followed by natural grassland (10.5 mm), sea buckthorn (20.5 mm), artificial grassland (22.6 mm) and Chinese pine (26.4 mm). These results implied that soil water in natural grassland was sensitive to rainfall and easily to be replenished, while soil water in Chinese pine was harder to be replenished by rainfall compared to other vegetation types.     

Geochemical Characteristics of a Veinlet Kupferschiefer Profile from the Lubin Mine, Southwestern Poland

Previous studies have shown that the ascending, oxidizing brines play a very important role in Kupferschiefer mineralization. Fractures could be the pathway of the brines. In order to clarify the influences of the brines on bulk organic matter, aromatic hydrocarbons and Kupferschiefer mineralization, one veinlet Kupferschiefer profile from the Lubin mine, southwestern Poland was studied with the microscopic, geochemical and Rock-Eval methods. The microscopic results indicate that organic matter of the veinlet sample consists dominantly of bitumen. Its extract content is higher than in other samples. The dominant aromatic compounds are naphthalene and alkylated naphthalenes (Na-PAH), which have migrated into the veinlet sample from other sediments. The content of phenanthrene and its methylated derivatives (Ph-PAH) is much lower than in other samples. The reason may be due to their heavier mass than Na-PAH. It is more difficult for Ph-PAH to migrate. The Na-PAH was probably removed from the shale by dist     

基于长短记忆模型的鄱阳湖流域径流模拟及其演变的归因分析

气候变化和人类活动直接或间接的影响着全球和区域水文循环过程,是导致水文水资源时空分布的主要因素,同时也是流域-湖泊水文情势变化的根本原因.本文基于长短记忆模型构建了鄱阳湖气象-径流模型,同时引入了基准期的概念,定量区分了导致鄱阳湖流域径流变化的主要影响因素.研究结果表明:在同时考虑计算效率和模拟效果的前提下,采用10 d预测窗口大小来构建鄱阳湖气象-径流模型能够很好地捕捉径流的极值,并且对径流的短期波动也能有很好的体现.训练期模型在各个子流域的纳什效率系数均高于0.94,而在验证期,模型在各个子流域的纳什效率系数均高于0.90.基于径流模拟结果,定量区分了人类活动和气候变化对鄱阳湖径流的影响,研究结果显示:人类活动对径流的影响主要发生在春、秋季,其中,人类活动在春季主要会造成径流的增加,平均增加幅度约为139.47 m³/s,而在秋、冬季,人类活动则会导致径流平均减少约34.37 m³/s.对比二者的相对贡献率,可以发现,春季人类活动对径流造成的影响较大,平均相对贡献率为77.26%.而在其余季节,鄱阳湖流域径流过程的改变主要是由于气候变化,平均相对贡献率约75.84%.研究结果能够为鄱阳湖流域水资源管理提供科学依据和理论指导.     

沁水盆地南部煤层气成藏动力学机制研究

应用油气成藏动力学方法,研究沁水盆地南部煤层气成藏动力学机制。通过热力场、应力场、地下水动力场的分析,认为本区具有良好的生烃条件和储集条件,晋城矿区南部,地下水流场为一种汇流区,这种地下水流场特征,导致煤层气在汇流区域得到富集,形成地下水和煤储层中流体的能量的积聚,这种能量的聚集是形成高压储层的基础和保证。同时,南部还是低地应力分布区,渗透率相对地高,因此南部煤层气富集,煤层气产能大,是煤层气勘探开发最有利地区。晋城矿区北部为单向流动的地下水动力场,使得在相同地质背景下的同一地区出现不同的煤层气成藏特征。     

邯郸市地热资源评价

通过对邯郸市的地热地质条件、热储赋存条件的分析与研究，阐述了该区具有经济价值的上第三系热储层的地热赋存特征，并对发育良好、遍布全区、水量丰富、水质好、埋深适中、具有开发利用价值的上第三系明化镇和馆陶组两个热储层其地热资源量进行了计算，就本区地热资源的开发前景进行了评价。