青藏高原东部贡觉盆地新生代火山岩特征及其构造意义

藏东贡觉盆地古近纪火山岩形成于印度-欧亚板块碰撞造山后的伸展环境中,火山活动受水平剪切-走滑断裂带控制。火山岩以高Si O2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O和低MgO、Ti O2为特征,属高钾钙碱性中酸性火山岩。火山岩中富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和一部分相容元素(Co、Ni、V、Sc);无Eu异常但有弱的Ce负异常。火山岩源区可能是经历了壳源混合作用的富集交代地幔。富集组分来自壳源,它们沿古俯冲带以再循环方式进入地幔楔,并与地幔发生交代作用。     

The metamorphic signature of contemporaneous extension and shortening in the central Himalayan orogen: data from the Nyalam transect, southern Tibet

Abstract Geological relationships and geochronological data suggest that in Miocene time the metamorphic core of the central Himalayan orogen was a wedge-shaped body bounded below by the N-dipping Main Central thrust system and above the N-dipping South Tibetan detachment system. We infer that synchronous movement on these fault systems expelled the metamorphic core southward toward the Indian foreland, thereby moderating the extreme topographic gradient at the southern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Reaction textures, thermobarometric data and thermodynamic modelling of pelitic schists and gneisses from the Nyalam transect in southern Tibet (28°N, 86°E) imply that gravitational collapse of the orogen produced a complex thermal structure in the metamorphic core. Amphibolite facies metamorphism and anatexis at temperatures of 950 K and depths of at least 30 km accompanied the early stages of displacement on the Main Central thrust system. Our findings suggest that the late metamorphic history of these rocks was characterized by high- T decompression associated with roughly 15 km of unroofing by movement on the South Tibetan detachment system. In the middle of the metamorphic core, roughly 7–8 km below the basal detachment of the South Tibetan system, the decompression was essentially isothermal. Near the base of the metamorphic core, roughly 4–6 km above the Main Central thrust, the decompression was accompanied by about 150 K of cooling. We attribute the disparity between the P–T paths of these two structural levels to cooling of the lower part of the metamorphic core as a consequence of continued (and probably accelerated) underthrusting of cooler rocks in the footwall of the Main Central thrust at the same time as movement on the South Tibetan detachment system.     

红河断裂的GPS监测

红河断裂带(RRFZ)是一条大型的走滑断裂带,本文利用1999年和2003年的GPS观测,通过数据反演,获得在欧亚参考框架下的速度矢量图。结果表明:在欧亚框架下,东向分量平均速度为3.726mm/a;北向分量平均速度为-9.013mm/a;由北向南,各测站的北向分量速率值逐渐减小;由西向东,各测站的东向分量速率值逐渐减小;测区内呈现明显的右旋拉张走滑运动。分析表明云南红河地区地壳水平运动的特征以及断裂活动性质与构造地质相当一致。