To afforest the desert with the technology of peat composed of rotten mosses and the sustainable development of the oases

Only by providing the good conditions for the growth of plants can a favorable ecologicalenvironment on which human beings rely for existence be created. The upside-down-T dou-ble-layer water-conserving afforestation way is developed according to the situation of the short-age of water resources, low soil fertility and vast land in the arid areas. The characteristics of theafforestation way are to change the microenvironment in the root area of the plants, provide thefavorable conditions for the growth of plants, and reduce the necessary conditions for the growth ofplants in large areas in the arid regions. Meanwhile, the size of its water-conserving layer can bechanged according to the size of the planted trees. The different ways of the bottom wa-ter-conserving layer can be used according to the requirements. The afforestation way is suitablefor planting trees on a small scale and also for afforesting on a large scale under the adverse cir-cumstances in the arid areas, and has been effectively used in the afforestation in the hinterland ofTaklamakan Desert and the southern marginal zone of Gurbantonggut Desert. The prospects ofthe afforestation way are broad in afforestation and desertification control in the desert regions.     

Impact of oasis establishment on underground environment in salinized sandy lands

The salinized sandy lands are the important reclaimable reserve wastelands in thesouth area of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. But it is necessary that the eco-logical environment of the area is not destroyed by action of oasis development. The main factor tohinder oasis development is land salinization. Rational oasis establishment rebuilds wastelandswith lower productivity and utilization efficiency for the growth of agriculture, forestry, and stock raising. The results of surveying sub-soil environment of Aimugaike. Awati oasis in Hotian County ofthe Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region show that the underground water and soil environment arenot deteriorated under the rational management and administration, which could be coordinatedfor obtaining economic and environmental benefit. During the oasis establishment period from1997 to 1999, the plowland area has reached 166.7 hm2, and the seed cotton yield per unit areahas reached 2250 kg @ hm-2, the area of timber forest and active sand break forest has reached 20hm2, the area of fruit trees is 71.5 hm2; and the soil moisture has decreased from 22.07% to18.12%. In the first year of oasis establishment, the soil type has changed salt soil into light saltsoil, in the second year the soil has been out of salt harm; and the content of soil organic matter intopsoil has increased obviously.     

Sedimentary environment and development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds:Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China

Problem on development control of marine source bed hold in Chinese petroleum industry progression. The Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Formation in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic are important hydrocarbon source beds in northern North China, and investigation of their sedimentary environments and the controls has great significance for petroleum exploration in North China. Based on sedimentology (sequence stratigraphy), palaeoecology, sedimentary geochemistry, and sedimentary palaeogeography, their development pattern is discussed. All these studies indicate that the development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds include a favorite palaeogeographic location, exceeding propagation of biomes in low and middle latitudes, anoxic environments, enrichment of phosphorus element and the adsorption of clay minerals during the preservation of organic matter in the marine carbonates.     

基于Leica ADS80系统的航空遥感影像成果质量控制研究

通过对“辽宁省农村集体土地确权登记发证”项目0.2m分辨率航空遥感影像成果的检查验收,阐述了应用Leica ADS80系统生产航空遥感影像成果的检查内容、检查方法及质量控制的关键点,进而提出了航空遥感影像成果检查的技术核心。本文对于其它生产单位应用Leica ADS80系统生产的高分辨率航空遥感影像成果的检查验收提供了可以借鉴的经验。     

基于数据库的大比例尺基础地理数据缩编需要注意的一些问题

提出了基于数据库的大比例尺基础地理数据缩编需要注意的一些问题，并从加强数据设计的完整性、作好数据准备工作，提高自动化处理功能，人机交互辅助缩编，满足地图回放的要求，加强数据质量控制等方面阐述了实现基于数据库缩编的实用方法。     

连续运行参考站在市政工程测量中布设静态GPS控制网的应用

当使用网络RTK布设工程控制点很难达到预期的精度要求时,我们可以利用参考站高精度的坐标作为静态GPS网的起算点进行控制网布设。本文以北京某市政道路工程为例,介绍了使用这种方法布设GPS平面控制网的方法,并对控制网的精度进行分析。     

关于后数字城市建设时代的项目建设建议

从数字城市建设的特点、特征入手,阐述了几种建设模式、主要建设内容、组织实施,按照公共产品与区域经济有关理论,实证了城乡统筹建设模式对于区域信息化建设的传导与辐射作用,并从区域经济发展、政府职能转变、消费市场培育等角度给出了进一步的对策与建议。     

滑坡治理中格构锚固结构的解析解分析

在分析格构锚固结构受力的基础上 ,将格构梁简化为受集中力作用的弹性地基上的梁 ,提出了格构锚固结构的力学模型 ,利用 Winkler弹性地基上梁的解析解对格构梁进行了内力和变形的分析 ,发现格构梁的受力状况受弹性特征λ、梁格间距 ls以及悬臂长度影响 ;建议梁长 l与λ宜满足 lλ≥ 2π;采用较小间距的格构梁以及小吨位锚索 ,间距宜满足 lsλ<π/ 2 ,悬臂长度取 (0 .3～ 0 .5 ) ls,并将分析结论应用于三峡库区巴东太矶头东滑坡治理工程的设计中     

加蓬G4-188区块钻井技术实践认识

加蓬G4-188区块是一个新的海外勘探区块,在钻井过程中遇到了井壁垮塌、气侵、井斜控制困难等诸多难题,影响了钻井施工的速度。针对这些难题,实施了解决G4-188区块钻井施工难点的各项技术措施,为G4-188区块后续钻井施工提供了有益的技术支持。     

中心地理论创新与发展的基本视角和框架

中心地理论是城市地理学揭示规律、解决问题的重要方法之一。面对时代发展、社会转型、技术进步及其带来的城市与区域巨变, 中心地理论需要创新发展。首先, 突破中心地理论的严苛假设、忽视系统动态性和自然-人文要素综合性的固有缺陷, 拓宽其普适性。其次, 以动态的和联系的眼光审视中心地系统外部条件、内部要素和组织形式与机制变化, 从中发现理论创新的视角。包括人口再分布, 城市体系重组, 全球产业网络兴起等宏观背景变化的视角;现代交通条件、信息技术发展、技术革新、体制变革等影响要素和机制变化的视角;全球城市网络形成, 城市带、群、链迅速聚合, 底层中心地重构等中心地系统组织形式新变革的视角;RS、GIS和现代统计手段应用的视角。再次, 中心地理论创新与发展有必要从“肢解”阶段进入到整体完善过程, 构建创新与发展的基本框架:①以指导实际应用, 形成理论和研究范式为创新和发展的目标;②以中心性测度新模型、严苛条件缓和、动态中心地系统、中心地系统畸变模式、中心地扩散域的空间嵌套等为创新和发展的核心内容;③突破自然-人文耦合要素对中心地系统影响机理及模型化表达, 现代中心地系统空间图景, 动态开放的现代中心地系统建设等重点问题。