排序方式: 共有37条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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在区域酸沉积模式(RADM)基础上,设计了一个高分辨对流层(TL)物质交换模式(EM3)。EM3在以下五个方面明显不同于RADM:第一,增加行星边界层(PBL)的垂直网格层次;第二、TL内考虑分层的垂直涡旋扩散系数型;第三,使用TL内分层的水平涡旋扩散系数型;第四,采用包含有植物冠层垂直结构影响的新干沉积速度型;第五,使用数值扩散小的二阶矩守恒平流格式.用EM3和RADM对OSCAR Ⅳ实例作对比模拟,结果表明EM3能更好地预测出TL内的三维物质分布规律,在同样条件下,两模式预测的PBL低层中心浓度比值均大于1.8,最大值可大于3。 相似文献
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高分辨区域输送模式中不同输送格式的对比试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对两种输送格式在理论试验的基础上,引入19层高分辨区域输送模式EM3,由中尺度模式(MM4)提供实例输送风场,积分至13、18、30、50、70小时,作分析和对比数值试验。采用的两种格式是:二阶动量矩守恒的Prather格式(以下简称为SOM)及通量订正的Smolar格式。数值试验结果表明,高精度的SOM格式使数值扩散减小一个量级, 使输送物质(SO#-[2])中心浓度比Smolar格式增大3~4倍, 采用SOM格式还明显改进了浓度中心水平平均运动轨迹的模拟精度,选择高精度的平流格式是改进模拟结果的重要途径。 相似文献
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风垂直切变对中距离扩散特征的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用行星边界层(PBL)内垂直涡旋扩散系数K_z的湍流统计形式和埃克曼风廓线,对三维扩散方程作数值解,分析讨论了风速、风向的垂直切变对污染轨迹和水平扩散参数σ_y的影响,得到一包含民切变因子的污染轨迹和σ_y的表达式。计算结果表明,在影响中尺度扩散的因子中,风切变是—重要因子,尤其是中性到稳定大气一侧,风切变σ_y的影响已超过湍流本身的贡献,因此,它是一个最重要的因子。我们将本文的扩散型σ_y和考虑风向切变订正后的 Pasquill’s扩散型以及在9个不同地方收集到的野外实测资料作了比较,其结果表明,本模型比P氏模型更接近实际,在稳定大气一侧,P氏扩散型的风向切变订正过大。 相似文献
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介绍了天津市空气污染数值预报实验中城市空气污染数值预报模式系统的构成及各模块的功能。在天津市空气污染预报实验期间, α中尺度气象模式对区域范围内的逐时风、温、湿及其降水预报取得了较好的效果, 且模式的计算时间短; β中尺度气象模式在边界层内具有较高的垂直分辨率, 模拟结果合理, 其中计算与观测的风向差小于60o的概率达到643% , 计算与观测的风速比值接近于1; 预报的地面SO2、NOx和TSP浓度与同步监测值相比, 城市空气污染预报模式对SO2和NOx的日平均浓度的预报效果较好, 预报准确率达640% , 而对TSP的预报则较差 相似文献
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A numerical model for the study of the regional acid precipitation is developed. The model consists of five parts: the distribution patterns of SO2 concentration, the mesoscale flow fields, the parameterization of SO2 transformation into SO4-, the parameterization of precipitation scavenging process, and the relationship between SO2 content in precipitation and ground level concentration of SO2 in the air. The distribution of SO2, SO2- and pH for all precipitations in Chongqing area during the period of July to October 1982 are simulated with the model. A comparison of the simulated results with experimental data shows that high SO2 concentration centres correspond to low pH centres. The source of the acid rain in Chongqing area is local air pollution which is due to the lower effective stack height, low wind velocity in the area, basin topography, and the use of coal with high sulphur content. The mechanism for the formation of the acid precipitation here may be different from that in the United States 相似文献
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Numerical Study on Dry Deposition Processes in Canopy Layer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A coupling model between the canopy layer(CL) and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) for the study of dry deposition velocity is developed. The model consists of six parts: chemical species conservation equation including absorptive factor; the species uptake action including detailed vertical variation of absorptive element in CL; momentum exchange in CL which is represented by a first-order closure momentum equation with an additional larger-scale diffusive term; momentum exchange in ABL which is described by a complete set of the ABL turbulent statistic parameters; absorptivity (or solubility or reflection) at the surface including effects of the physical and chemical characters of the species, land type, seasonal and diurnal variations of the meteorological variables; and deposition velocity derived by distributions of the species with height in CL. Variational rules of the concentration and deposition velocity with both height and time are simulated with the model for both corn and forest canopies. R 相似文献
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