百色气候变化特征及城市适应策略建议

利用气候观测数据分析表明,近60a来,百色出现了与全球气候变化背景一致的增暖变化,主要变化特征有:气温明显升高,年降水日数减少,冬季降水量增多,年日照时数减少;高温和干旱频率高,20世纪90年代以来暴雨日数偏多。与广西平均气候变化状况相比,百色的气候变化程度风险低于广西平均水平。预估到本世纪中期,百色气温仍将缓慢升高,干旱和强降水的强度可能加剧。建议科学规划,统筹协调,科学评估城市气候承载力,开展城市适应气候变化风险管理,提升生态气候环境监测及自然灾害预警应急能力,建设生态气候宜居城市。     

INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS IN ASIA TO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION IN BOREAL SUMMER: CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS FOR ACTIVE AND INACTIVE YEARS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

Comparative analysis is carried out by using finite-domain power spectrum and lagged regression methods for the propagating characteristics and air-sea interaction processes of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the Asia to western Pacific (AWP) region during the boreal summer between the active and inactive tropical cyclone (TC) years from 1979 to 2004.The results show as follows.(1) There exist more significant eastward propagating characteristics of the ISO in the active TC years over the whole AWP region.The ISOs of convection propagate zonally with more eastward extension in the years with active tropical cyclone activities,during which the 20-60-day period is strengthened,western Pacific becomes an area with evident characteristics of the propagation that is closely related to TC activities.(2) The air-sea interaction processes are the same in both active and inactive TC years,and the energy exchanges between the air and the sea play a role in maintaining the northwestward propagation of ISOs.(3) The air-sea interaction is more intensive in the active TC years than in the inactive ones.It is particularly true for the latent heat release by condensation as the result of convection,which may be one of the reasons resulting in significant differences in characteristics of ISOs between the active and inactive TC years.     

中尺度数值天气预报的初步试验

通过用中尺度MM4模式对2004年11月14日到15日天气过程进行数值模拟预报试验，了解MM4模式和用数值预报模式进行天气预报的全过程。对MM4模式的初次应用表明，中尺度数值模拟及预报的研究在一般台站是可行的，中小尺度数值预报模式为今后发展地县精细化预报及中尺度过程诊断分析提供了良好的工具。     

桂东南热带气旋大风的统计特征及典型个例研究

利用1981-2000年热带气旋（以下简记1℃）年鉴资料、广西东南部大风实况资料和NCEP／NCAR再分析资料，对桂东南TC大风及TC特征进行统计分析，并通过个例普查和典型个例的研究对造成桂东南严重风灾的原因进行初步探讨。研究表明：造成桂东南大风TC发生在6～10月，主要源地是西北太平洋，但造成严重风灾的TC为登陆后中心经过桂东南的南海台风。桂东南大风以局地瞬时大风为主，大风发生时间与TC距离有关。强度大、移速快造成变压梯度大，与气压梯度共同作用是0307号1℃过程大风的原因；移速慢，登陆后中心在桂东南逗留时间长则是8517号1℃过程严重风灾的原因，并对两个1℃运动特点不同的大尺度环境特征进行了比较分析。     

21世纪增暖情景下西北太平洋热带气旋频数的预估

利用IPCC发布的5个全球气候模式在高(SRESA2)、低(SRES B1)两种不同排放情景下的预报集成结果,对21世纪大尺度环境进行分析,进而对西北太平洋夏季热带气旋(TC)的频数进行预估。结果表明:两种情景下热带西北太平洋均呈现500 hPa位势高度偏高、太平洋东部海表温度偏高、低层菲律宾以东为异常反气旋性环流控制的特征。这种大尺度环境不利于TC生成,在高排放情景下或21世纪中叶后该环境特征更显著。未来TC频数总体呈减少的趋势,低排放情景下的TC频数变化趋势比高排放情境下平缓,TC频数存在年代际和年际变化。     

EFFECTS OF LOW-LATITUDE MONSOON SURGE ON THE INCREASE IN DOWNPOUR FROM TROPICAL STORM BILIS

By using the dataset of CMA-STI Tropical Cyclone Optimal Tracks, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and intensive surface observations, a study is performed of the influences of a low-latitude monsoon surge on the longer persistence and increase in torrential rains from the landing tropical storm Bilis. Results suggest that the southwest monsoon was anomalously active after Bilis came ashore. The westerly winds in Bilis’s south side might give rise to the poleward movement of the SW monsoon, thus enlarging the pressure g...     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MAINTENANCE AND INCREASE IN HEAVY RAINFALL OF THE LANDING TROPICAL STORM BILIS AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT FROM LOWER LATITUDES

The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) tropical cyclone tracks and intensive surface observations are used to diagnose the features of moisture transport of tropical storm Bilis(No. 0604), which is simulated by the WRF(weather research and forecasting) mesoscale numerical model. It is shown that the Bilis was linked with the moisture channel in the lower latitudes after its landing. Meanwhile, the cross-equatorial flows over 80°-100°E and Somali were active and brought abundant water vapor into the tropical storm, facilitating the maintenance of the landing storm with intensified heavy rainfall along its path. The simulation suggested that the decreased water vapor from lower latitudes prevents the maintenance of Bilis and the development of rainfall. While the cross-equatorial flows over 80°-100°E and Somali were in favor of keeping the cyclonic circulation over land. If the moisture supply fro m the Somali jet stream was reduced, the strength and area of heavy rainfall in tropical cyclone would be remarkably weakened. Consequently, the decreased water vapor from lower latitudes can remarkably suppress the deep convection in tropical storm, then Bilis was damped without the persistent energy support and the rainfall was diminished accordingly.     

两个造成大风影响的热带气旋特征分析

应用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对造成玉林市持续长时间大风的0307号和8517号热带气旋(TC)的特点和大尺度环境特征进行对比分析,结果表明:0307号TC自身强度强,移速快;而8517号TC则移速缓慢,登陆后转向,TC中心在玉林市逗留时间长。两个TC登陆前后的大尺度环境特征不同造成其强度和运动特点的不同。     

中尺度数值天气预报的初步试验

通过用中尺度MM4模式对2004年11月14日到15日天气过程进行数值模拟预报试验,了解MM4模式和用数值预报模式进行天气预报的全过程。对MM4模式的初次应用表明,中尺度数值模拟及预报的研究在一般台站是可行的,中小尺度数值预报模式为今后发展地县精细化预报及中尺度过程诊断分析提供了良好的工具。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON STRUCTURE OF WINTERTIME TYPHOON NANMADOL IN 2004

Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, the structure of a wintertime typhoon named Nanmadol that landed on Taiwan 4 December, 2004 has been examined in this paper, it is found that Nanmadol looks similar in structure and time evolution to summer typhoons; the central part of it is warm and humid, and the convergence is observed in the lower troposphere while there is divergence in the upper troposphere. The differences between wintertime and summertime typhoons are found. The southwest stream flow in the lower troposphere and cyclonic disturbance in the upper troposphere seem significantly weaker in Nanmadol than in summertime typhoons. The EOF analysis performed for sea level pressure (SLP) of Nanmadol shows that about 90% of the total variance of temporal changes in typhoon circulation can be explained by two leading EOF modes of EOF1 and EOF2. EOF1 shows the structure and intensity variations of Nanmadol while EOF2 shows the changes in environmental SLP distributions that influences the moving direction of Nanmadol.