兰州地区高云和气溶胶光学特性及其辐射效应

利用激光雷达探测分析了兰州上空的高云与气溶胶的光学参数,并用LOWTRAN7定量模拟出高云对气溶胶辐射特性的影响。结果表明,消光系数廓线与相对湿度廓线随高度的变化一致性较好,气溶胶层主要在2km以下,低层气溶胶和高云的消光系数和相对湿度较大。白天,高云的存在使云下气溶胶短波加热率减小。有云和无云时气溶胶加热率的差别在地表处最为明显,中午前后差别较大,最大为11:00的0.096K.h-1。夜间,高云的存在使云下气溶胶长波冷却率减小,在1000m以下有云和无云时气溶胶冷却率的差别小,在1000m以上差别大,最大差别出现在1500m处(02:00～04:00),为0.033K.h-1。     

星载氢钟VLBI观测实验及分析

中国计划于2025年左右建立月球轨道VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometer)测站,将会搭载被动型星载氢钟作为时间频率标准.由于是首次在VLBI观测中使用星载氢钟,需要研究和验证其可行性.因此,利用星载氢钟作为频率基准开展了VLBI观测.实验时,分别使用主动型地面氢钟和被动型星载氢钟作为频率基准,利用上海天文台佘山25 m射电望远镜和其他测站对我国火星探测器天问一号进行了交替VLBI观测.数据处理分析结果表明,基于地面氢钟与星载氢钟的VLBI残余群时延标准差均在0.5 ns以内,表明星载氢钟可满足深空探测VLBI测定轨的精度要求,验证了其作为月球VLBI测站频率基准的可行性.     

新近系谢家阶层型剖面古地磁年代学研究

古地磁测量表明,中国新近系谢家阶界线层型剖面——西宁盆地谢家剖面共记录了18个正极性段与17个负极性段,与标准极性柱中C5Bn.2n—C7n.1n之间的极性带能很好的对应。剖面中谢家组的年龄为17.32—21.58Ma,谢家哺乳动物群的年龄约为21Ma,相当于MN2中期。     

明矾石矿石单矿物分离提纯

本文对明矾石矿中叶蜡石、硬水铝石、明矾石三种矿物采用不同的物理及化学方法进行了试验性的分离提纯。     

京珠国道GPS控制测量

困难地区建立大规模的高等级公路整体基础控制网是公路工程设计与建设中的难点。我院于９４－９５年期间采用ＧＰＳ卫星定位和常规ＥＤＭ测量技术完成了京球国道南段５０ｋｍ路线长的基础控制测量，这种大规模的ＧＰＳ技术应用初中在我国公路建设史上尚属首次。     

重论真马(Equus属)首次出现可作为第四纪下限的标志

真马（Ｅｑｕｕｓ属）首次出现曾被作为第四纪下限标志，近年来不断受到怀疑、甚至否定。然而，根据目前公认的２．５ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的第四纪下限，则真马在欧亚大陆的首次出现正与此界线吻合，从欧洲维拉方动物群、中国北方泥河湾地层、南方元谋盆地，以及其他剖面得到的证据都证明了这一点。真马首次出现事件与２．５ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的许多重大地质事件同时，如古地磁高斯期与松山期界线，中国黄土开始堆积、北极冰盖出现、新构造运动第一次强化等。真马首次出现于２．５ＭａＢ．Ｐ．是由于北极冰盖出现所伴随的海平面下降，导致白令海峡露出水面，欧亚大陆和北美大陆得以连通，在北美起源并在进化上取得成功的真马迅速扩散至欧亚大陆等地。因此，真马首次出现可以作为这些地区第四纪下限的一个显著标志，尤其是在欧亚大陆。     

Retrieval of Boundary Layer Height and Its Influence on PM 2.5 Concentration Based on Lidar Observation over Guangzhou

Wavelet analysis was applied to lidar observations to retrieve the planetary boundary layer height(PBLH)over Guangzhou from September 2013 to November 2014 over Guangzhou. Impact of the boundary effect and the wavelet scale factor on the accuracy of the retrieved PBLH has been explored thoroughly. In addition, the PBLH diurnal variations and the relationship between PM_(2.5) concentration and PBLH during polluted and clean episodes were studied. Results indicate that the most steady retrieved PBLH can be obtained when scale factor is chosen between 300-390 m. The retrieved maximum and minimum PBLH in the annual mean diurnal cycle were ～1100 m and ～650 m, respectively. The PBLH was significantly lower in the dry season than in the wet season, with the average highest PBLH in the dry season and the wet season being ～1050 m and ～1200 m respectively. Compared to the wet season, the development of PBLH in the dry season was delayed by at least one hour due to the seasonal cycle of solar radiation. Episode analysis indicated that the PBLH was ～50% higher during clean episodes than during haze episodes. The average highest PBLH in the haze episodes and clean episodes were ～800 m and ～1300 m,respectively. A significant negative correlation between PBLH and PM_(2.5) concentration(r =-0.55**) is discovered.According to China"Ambient Air Quality Standard", the PBLH values in good and slightly polluted conditions were 1/6-1/3 lower than that in excellent conditions, while the corresponding PM_(2.5) concentration were ～2-2.5 times higher.     

华南区域大气成分业务数值预报GRACEs模式系统

总结了华南区域大气成分数值预报GRACEs模式系统的业务发展进程,系统介绍了GRACEs模式的计算域、气象驱动场、输入排放源、计算平台与产品应用,报告了GRACEs模式的业务预报性能。概述了国内外大气成分数值预报模式的发展现状与趋势,介绍了新版CMAQ模式Ver5.1的化学机理,及其在光化学、气溶胶化学、源排放、化学与气象双向反馈机制等方面的重要更新。GRACEs模式系统预期将在本地精细化气象模式、污染源本地化、化学机理以及初始场同化等方面进一步研究,深入开展华南区域"一体化"大气成分模式系统的研发与应用。     

MEASUREMENTS OF PARTICLE NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND NEW PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS DURING WINTER IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION, CHINA

Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.     

煤系硬质高岭土的漂白处理

煤系硬质高岭土因有机质、铁、钛等有害成分的影响,原矿白度较低,应用范围受到限制。通过超细粉碎—除有机质—还原除铁—焙烧等工艺深加工处理后,可得到白度＞８０％、粒度＜１μｍ大于９０％的高岭土精粉,产品档次大为提高。