南口虎峪中元古界大红峪组混积岩系的层序地层划分——海侵砂岩中的微生物席碎片简介

北京西北郊南口虎峪一带的中元古界长城系大红峪组发育完整，以一套混积岩系为特征。在南口虎峪剖面中，海侵体系域砂岩地层与高水位体系域砂泥质白云岩和叠层石白云岩组成了较有规律的层序地层相序，可以作为混积岩系层序地层划分的典型代表。在大红峪组的海侵体系域砂岩中，交余波痕、微生物形成的砂质碎片和皱饰构造表明了席底的发育，特别是其中所发育的微生物砂质碎片不但代表了碎屑岩中的一种特殊的“内碎屑”，而且其特殊的形态和产出特点成为窥视前寒武纪砂岩中席底发育的一种典型标志，从而有益于今后对类似沉积构造的阐释与研究；高水位体系域砂泥质白云岩中的纹理化构造似乎也是一种席底构造，它与其中的叠层石生物丘一起代表了前寒武纪海底微生物孤军作战的特殊生境。对该剖面大红峪组的初步研究表明，在前寒武纪地层中，除了要关注叠层石之类的微生物沉积构造以外，碎屑岩中也存在微生物活动的若干证据印席底构造（第五类原生沉积构造），由此说明正是由于微生物新陈代谢的多样性才使其成为地球上无所不在及其无与伦比的巨大生物量。     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震余震序列尾波QC值研究

基于Aki和Chouet的地方震尾波单次散射模型,利用思茅台记录到的2007年云南宁洱6.4地震余震的数字化波形观测资料,测量了震源区尾波Qc(f)值。当中心频率为1.5Hz时,宁洱地区的尾波Qc值在51～147之间,平均值为79,尾波的振幅衰减率βc(f)在0.014～0.039之间,平均值为0.028;测量得到该地区尾波Qc值与频率f的关系为Qc(f)=53f0.88;尾波波源因子与震级成正比关系,满足关系lgA0=1.51ML-0.94;测量结果显示宁洱地震余震序列的尾波值Qc较低,表明宁洱震源区属于构造运动较为活跃区。     

地球化学填图与地球化学块体的谱系分析——编号系统及谱系树图的自动绘制

中国的地球化学填图研究工作起步较早并发展成为在国际上具有明显优势的学科。在此基础上提出的地球化学块体理论通过一定的编号系统绘制谱系树图来追索某元素在块体内部逐步浓集成矿的轨迹。通过谱系树图可以发现不同级别的子块体之间的亲缘关系,研究它们在时间和空间上的分布规律,结合已发现矿床的信息,预测潜在矿床的分布及其储量,从而指导找矿工作。提出了一种全新的谱系编号系统并编制了在计算机上自动绘制谱系树图的软件,同时实现了与原有编号系统的一致,解决了长期以来谱系树图不能自动绘制的问题,为地球化学块体的研究提供了一个很好的工具。     

Implications of the Precambrian Non-stromatolitic Carbonate Succession Making up the Third Member of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan Area of North China

A particular non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang (高于庄) Formation might demonstrate that a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma besides other three events of the Proterozoic,respectively,occurred at ca. 2 000 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 675 Ma. The forming duration of this non-stromatolitic carbonate succession can be generally correlative to that of a similar depositional succession in North America,i.e. a non-stromatolitic carbonate succession made up by the Helena Formation of the Belt Supergroup,which suggests that the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma may be a global event. This information endows the non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in the Yanshan (燕山) area with important significance for the further understanding of Precambrian sedimentology. The Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan area is a set of more than 1 000 m thick carbonate strata that can be divided into four members (or subformations). The first member (or the Guandi (官地) subformation) is marked by a set of stromatolitic dolomites overlying a set of transgressive sandstones; the second member (or the Sangshu'an (桑树鞍) subformation) is a set of manganese dolomites with a few stromatolites; the third member (or the Zhangjiayu (张家峪) subformation) is chiefly made up of leiolite and laminite limestones and is characterized by the development of molar-tooth structures in leiolite limestone; the fourth member (or the Huanxiusi (环秀寺) subformation) is composed of a set of dolomites of stromatolitic reefs or lithoherms. Sequence-stratigraphic divisions at two sections,i.e. the Jixian (蓟县) Section in Tianjin (天津) and the Qiangou (千沟) Section of Yanqing (延庆) County in Beijing (北京),demonstrate that a particularly non-stromatolitic succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation is developed in the Yanshan area of North China,in which lots of grotesque matground structures (wrinkle structures and palimpsest ripples) are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Qiangou Section and lots of molar-tooth structures are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Jixian Section. The time scale of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation is deduced as 200 Ma (from 1 600 Ma to 1 400 Ma). The duration of an obvious hiatus between the Gaoyuzhuang Formation and the underlying Dahongyu (大红峪) Formation is deduced as 50 Ma to 100 Ma,thus the forming duration of the GaoyuzhuangFormation is thought as 100 Ma (1 500 Ma to 1 400 Ma). Furthermore,the age of the subface of the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation that is just in the mid position of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation can be deduced as about 1 450 Ma,which is the basis to infer a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma. Importantly,several features of both the molar-tooth structure and the stromatolite,such as the particular forming environment,the important facies-indicative meaning,and the episodic distribution in the earth history,might express the evolutionary periodicity of the surface environment of the earth and can provide meaningful clues for the understanding of the Precambrian world,although their origin and forming mechanism is highly contentious. Therefore,like other three stromatolitic declines,respectively,occurring at ca. 675 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 2 000 Ma,the identification of the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma during the Golden Age of stromatolites (2 800 Ma to 1 000 Ma) has important meaning for the further understanding of the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.     

华南氧化锰矿新生代大规模成矿:年代学研究及古气候意义

成矿年代学是矿床学研究的重要内容之一,对矿床形成时代的精确测定是正确理解矿床成因和区域成矿规律的必由之路.过去二十多年来,随着超高灵敏度质谱仪的诞生和同位素分析技术的飞速发展,成矿年代学研究取得了重要进展,极大地推动了人们对成矿过程的客观认识和现代矿床学的发展.但直到目前为止这方面的工作还主要集中在各种内生矿床(岩浆矿床、热液矿床、热水成因矿床和变质矿床等).相较而言,次生矿床的成矿年代学研究却进展缓慢;世界上绝大多数次生矿床还没有确切或可信的同位素年龄.     

内蒙古中部地区春夏季云与降水的特征分析

利用内蒙古中部25个地面气象站1971-2003年3-8月所有发生降水日的24小时降水量、每天四个时次(北京时02、08、14、20时)的云量、云状和天气类型观测资料,统计分析了内蒙古中部地区春夏季云与降水的特征及关系.结果表明:春夏季,中部地区各类降水云的出现频率由西北向东南方向递增,不同地区受不同降水云的影响各异.各种类型的降水均呈现出夏季高于春季的特点,且出现频率自西向东递增.     

关于培养跨世纪林业科技管理干部的思考

<正> 所谓“跨世纪林业科技管理干部”指自现在起至21世纪初10年间担任各级领导职务的优秀林业科技管理干部。一方面,随着林业科技进入社会主义经济主战场,林业科研院所必须对所拥有的人、财、物、信息等资源进行有效的计划、组织、领导、控制,实现科技资源优化配置,以便达到既定的目标,完成科技任务。另一方面,世纪之交,林业科技管理正由传统的计划管理向社会主义市场经济为框架的科学管理转变,林业作为国民经济的一     

赣东北区域构造演化与成矿关系

赣东北地区是我国重要的铜(金)多金属矿化密集区。自晋宁运动以来该区构造活动复杂而强烈,先后发生过3次重大的全区性地壳开合作用。每一次都产生不同性质和不同元素组合的含矿层群,并形成南北两大不同特点的成矿系列,即同位异源成矿系列和异位异源成矿系列。     

铂双峰矿—双峰矿的新变种

铂双峰矿产在纯橄榄岩铝矿体中。在铝矿石及矿体邻近的砂矿中均可找到。呈块状聚集体或板片状自形晶,与疏钻矿、含锇自然铱紧密共生。脉状的宽20～301μm,长400～500μm,一般10μm×20μm。金属光泽。条痕黑色。HM=3．05。VHN20=92kg／mm2（平均）。{0001}解理完全。性脆。计算密度为10．21g／cm2。反射色;亮黄白带淡蓝色。内反射无。非均质性中等,偏光色为淡蓝或淡黄。双反射或反射多色性在空气中或油中均未见。5个电子探针分析数据平均（wt％）：Cu0．2,Te57.2,Ir24.5,Pt17．2,Bi0．4,总量99．5。实验式为：（IR0．57Pt0.39Cu0.01）0．98（Te1.99Bi0.01）2.00。简化理论式为（11,Pt）Te2。4条最强X射线粉晶衍射线hkl,d,I为：101,2．87（100）;102,2．10（70）;110,1．98（60）;103,1．58O（50）。根据X射线粉晶数据进行指标化,获得铂双峰矿晶胞数据：三方晶系,P3ml,a=0．3973（5）,c＝0．5315（5）um,V＝0．0727nm3,Z=1。铂双峰矿是笔者对双峰矿研究的继续与补充。     

藕塘古滑体在三峡水库形成后的稳定性分析

采用极限平衡和三维弹塑性有限元分析方法,对藕塘古滑体在三峡水库形成后的稳定性进行了计算分析。计算中考虑了水库水位变化、渗透压力、建筑荷载以及地震等诸多因素对滑体稳定性的影响,并给出了滑体失稳的临界破坏条件,为库区移民迁建新址的勘察工作提供了量化的论证。