2018年冬季南京三次暴雪过程微物理特征分析

为深入研究南京降雪微物理特征及变化,利用第二代激光雨滴谱仪PARSIVEL2、自动气象站观测资料及MICAPS数据,对2018年冬季南京的四次罕见强降雪过程中雪花的微物理参量进行分析。结果表明:（1）雪花谱基本呈多峰分布,个例1降雪强度增大时有小雪花向大雪花的转化,而其余三次过程则有雪花数浓度的显著增大。温度的差异使个例1大雪花形成机制与其余个例不同,最终导致了降雪稳定阶段,雪强增大的机制不同。（2）使用Gamma分布和M-P分布分别对四次降雪的不同阶段进行了拟合,Gamma 分布在各阶段的拟合优度均高于M-P分布拟合,降雪终止阶段拟合优度低于起始阶段及降雪全过程的拟合。四次降雪过程降雪粒子谱的Gamma分布分别为N＝107D-0.21exp(-0.54D)、N＝136D-0.54exp(-0.60D)、N＝256D0.38exp(-1.01D)、N＝9.39×104D4exp(-7.81D),其中,N为降雪粒子数浓度、D为雪花直径。（3）个例1在3 mm左右速度谱存在两个峰值,分别贴近结霜曲线和未结霜曲线,说明该次降雪大雪花的形成存在结霜增长和结霜碰并两种机制。（4）综合个例1、2、3,给出南京地区稳定的层状云强降雪的Z-I关系为Z＝1708I1.51。     

涌水含气地层封孔材料的设计及野外试验

常规水泥封孔材料不能完全满足涌水含气特殊地层条件的封孔要求。以封孔水泥砂浆为研究对象,通过正交实验方法,设计封孔水泥砂浆的成分配比,得到既满足钻探质量指标要求,又适用于涌水含气地层的封孔材料配方。由室内实验得到,水灰比的改变对湿态水泥砂浆的凝结时间具有显著影响。结合通地1井,根据不同的井段要求,应用相适应配方的封孔材料进行野外应用实验。结果表明,设计的封孔材料能够满足涌水含气地层的封孔质量要求。     

Vibrating-Sliding Motion of Caisson Breakwaters Under Various Breaking Wave Impact Forces

Sliding is one of the principal failure types of caisson breakwaters and is an essential content of stability examination in caisson breakwater design. Herein, the mass-spring-dashpot model of caisson-base system is used to simulate the vi-brating-sliding motion of the caisson under various types of breaking wave impact forces, i.e., single peak impact force, double peak impact force, and shock-damping oscillation impact force. The effects of various breaking wave impacts and the sliding motion on the dynamic response behaviors of caisson breakwaters are investigated and the calculation of relevant system parameters is discussed. It is shown that the dynamic responses of the caisson are significantly different under different types of breaking wave impact forces even when the amplitudes of impact forces are equal. The amplitude of dynamic response of the caisson is lower under single peak impact excitation than that under double peak impact or shock-damping oscillation impact excitation. Though the disp     

辽宁地区暖区和锋面暴雨个例对比分析

2013年7月1—2日,辽宁地区出现了持续时间较长的暴雨天气过程,此次过程可以分为3个阶段,其中包括两次暖区降水和一次冷锋锋面与暖区降水共存的过程,第一阶段的暖区降水和第三阶段的锋面降水形成了西北雨带,第二阶段的暖区降水形成了东南雨带。利用NCEP再分析资料、常规自动站观测资料、加密自动站观测资料和卫星资料,详细分析了此次过程中各阶段降水产生的机制以及锋面降水和暖区降水的主要物理差异。结果表明:暖区强降水主要出现在干线冷湿气团一侧或地面辐合线附近,并且由于暖区高温、高湿的特点,其产生的降水通常比锋面附近强,同时暖区降水与锋面降水在触发机制、中尺度环境条件、动力、热力结构等方面也存在着差异。     

A Probabilistic Method for Motion Analysis of Caisson Breakwaters

1 .IntroductionInrecent years ,especiallyfrom1994 when aninternational conference on breakwater design washeldinJapan,muchresearchonthe dynamic analysis of caisson breakwaters has been done ,and manyimportant progresses have been made .Oumeraci and Korten…     

江淮梅雨期降水异常分布型及其与东亚副热带高空西风急流的关系

利用1980—2010年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料与江淮地区44个站逐日降水资料,分析了江淮地区1980—2010年梅雨期(6月16日—7月15日)降水的基本空间分布型及其与东亚副热带西风急流的关系。结果表明,江淮梅雨降水的第一分布型为"南正(负)北负(正)",该型受副热带高空西风急流位置的影响,急流位置偏南(北),则雨带位于江淮南(北)部地区;第二分布型为"中间负(正),两边正(负)",该型受副热带高空西风急流强度的影响,急流强度异常偏弱(强),则雨带位于江淮地区西北、东南部(中部)。合成分析表明,高空急流位置异常偏南时,500 h Pa副高偏弱、偏南,850 h Pa江淮南部地区为水汽、风场辐合区,高低空配置有利于降水呈"南正北负"的分布型。高空急流强度异常偏弱时,从我国江淮中东部地区至日本南部,500 h Pa上无明显垂直运动,850 h Pa上有水汽和风场的辐散区,高低空配置有利于降水呈"中间负,两边正"的分布型。     

Numerical Analyses of Caisson Breakwaters on Soft Foundations Under Wave Cyclic Loading

A caisson breakwater is built on soft foundations after replacing the upper soft layer with sand. This paper presents a dynamic finite element method to investigate the strength degradation and associated pore pressure development of the intercalated soft layer under wave cyclic loading. By combining the undrained shear strength with the empirical formula of overconsolidation clay produced by unloading and the development model of pore pressure, the dynamic degradation law that describes the undrained shear strength as a function of cycle number and stress level is derived. Based on the proposed dynamic degradation law and M-C yield criterion, a dynamic finite element method is numerically implemented to predict changes in undrained shear strength of the intercalated soft layer by using the general-purpose FEM software ABAQUS, and the accuracy of the method is verified. The effects of cycle number and amplitude of the wave force on the degradation of the undrained shear strength of the intercalated soft layer and the associated excess pore pressure response are investigated by analyzing an overall distribution and three typical sections underneath the breakwater. By comparing the undrained shear strength distributions obtained by the static method and the quasi-static method with the undrained shear strength distributions obtained by the dynamic finite element method in the three typical sections, the superiority of the dynamic finite element method in predicting changes in undrained shear strength is demonstrated.     

考虑晃荡效应的独立B型LNG液舱结构多目标优化

独立B型LNG液舱内部设置舱壁板材及多种桁材,有效缓解了液舱晃荡效应。针对晃荡载荷下的独立B型LNG液舱结构多目标优化,利用规范中的公式计算晃荡载荷,并引入液舱晃荡系数,以期综合反映液舱内部构件对晃荡特性的影响,在此基础上进一步建立以液舱结构重量和液舱晃荡系数为目标的多目标优化模型,采用多目标遗传算法(NCGA),计算得到改进的独立B型LNG液舱结构设计方案。     

Application of Importance Sampling Method in Sliding Failure Simulation of Caisson Breakwaters

It is assumed that the storm wave takes place once a year during the design period, and N histories of storm waves are generated on the basis of wave spectrum corresponding to the N-year design period. The responses of the breakwater to the N histories of storm waves in the N-year design period are calculated by mass-spring-dashpot mode and taken as a set of samples. The failure probability of caisson breakwaters during the design period of N years is obtained by the statistical analysis of many sets of samples. It is the key issue to improve the efficiency of the common Monte Carlo simulation method in the failure probability estimation of caisson breakwaters in the complete life cycle. In this paper, the kernel method of importance sampling, which can greatly increase the efficiency of failure probability calculation of caisson breakwaters, is proposed to estimate the failure probability of caisson breakwaters in the complete life cycle. The effectiveness of the kernel method is investigated by an example. It is indicated that the calculation efficiency of the kernel method is over 10 times the common Monte Carlo simulation method.     

天然气水合物孔底冷冻取样器储冷腔的设计与试验研究

孔底冷冻取样是一种有效的钻取天然气水合物岩心的方法,绳索取心式孔底冷冻取样器的制冷能力由可存储冷源干冰和制冷酒精的储冷腔决定。本文就不同内部结构的储冷腔进行了储冷能力和制冷效果的设计与试验研究,计算了储冷腔的保冷层厚度,并设计了分层式、螺旋阶梯式和带孔管式3种储冷腔内部结构;通过对储冷腔保冷能力的试验研究,干冰存储1 h后平均损失率为31.3%,能满足后续制冷酒精的要求;并对不同结构的储冷腔开展试验研究,试验结果表明,带孔管式储冷腔可在短时间内完成对酒精的冷冻,酒精降温幅度达36.3 ℃,可满足水合物冷冻取样的能量要求。