几种仪器烈度算法在汶川地震与芦山地震中的可靠性比较

破坏性地震发生后, 特别是在通信中断的情况下, 利用仪器烈度快速估计地震动强度(烈度)的分布情况, 可为开展最有效的地震应急救援提供决策依据. 该文介绍了现有的几种仪器烈度算法, 并利用汶川地震与芦山地震中获得的强震加速度记录对各种算法的可靠性进行了比较. 结果表明, 在这两次地震中只利用地震动峰值参数确定仪器烈度的算法可靠性较低, 而考虑反应谱特性的算法可靠性更高. 在未得到更多强震数据的检验前, 建议采用袁一凡提出的仪器烈度算法, 或利用谱烈度值确定仪器烈度的算法, 或利用加速度反应谱值确定仪器烈度的算法.      

基于Python编程的DEM元数据自动化归档

为了提高基础测绘数字线划图(DLG)、数字高程模型(DEM)、正射影像(DOM)元数据的生产效率和准确率,本文结合工作中的实际情况,以DEM元数据生产为例,用Python进行Excel格式的元数据生产编程以及使用Python自带的界面编程模块Tkinter辅助生产。这种方式简化了元数据生产流程,并实现快速自动化生产。     

考虑空间协同效应的排桩斜撑支护体系分段拆撑法研究

与水平内支撑比较,排桩斜撑支护体系用于深大基坑开挖时具有诸多优越性。但关于斜撑拆除的研究相对滞后,使该支撑形式的利用受到一定的限制。内支撑的拆除多采用“先撑后拆”方案,文中从排桩斜撑支护体系的协同变形理论出发,提出了分区分段“先拆后撑”的思路;利用最小势能解,推导了该类支护体系在分段拆撑过程中,拆撑区段长度的计算方法;并结合具体工程实例,对该计算理论和结果加以验证。通过研究,冠梁弯矩、排桩弯矩和位移是决定分段长度的主要因素,并提出了该类支护体系的全过程优化设计的概念,可为今后该类支护体系的拆撑设计和施工提供依据和借鉴。     

东海外陆架晚第四纪若干沉积学问题的研究现状与展望

我国东海陆架尤其外陆架的晚第四纪沉积地层、古河道沉积与下切河谷充填沉积、潮流沙脊沉积研究等已经取得较多研究成果,综述已有的研究认识和关键科学问题,讨论地层研究中的氧同位素2期和4期地层划分出现的争议、不同的地层演化模式以及与之紧密相关的末次冰盛期古河道的存在与演化、东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊成因研究中存在的不同观点,提出未来东海外陆架晚第四纪沉积学研究的思路和工作展望。     

Paleo-fluvial sedimentation on the outer shelf of the East China Sea during the last glacial maximum

Evidence from lithology, foraminiferal assemblages, and high-resolution X-ray fluorescence scanning data of core SFK-1 indicates tidally influenced paleo-fluvial sedimentation during the last glacial maximum (LGM) on the outer shelf of the East China Sea. The paleo-fluvial deposits consist of river channel facies and estuarine incised-valley-filling facies. Different reflections on the seismic profile across core SFK-1 suggest that the river channels shifted and overlapped. River channel deposition formed early in the LGM when sea level fell and the estuary extended to the outer shelf. Channel sediments are yellowish-brown in color and rich in foraminifera and shell fragments owing to the strong tidal influence. Following the LGM, the paleo-river mouth retreated and regressive deposition of estuarine and incised-valley-filling facies with an erosion base occurred. The river channel facies and estuarine incised-valley-filling facies have clearly different sedimentary characteristics and provenances. The depositional environment of the paleoriver system on the wide shelf was reconstructed from the foraminiferal assemblages, CaCO₃ content and Ca/Ti ratio. The main results of this study provide further substantial constraints on the recognition of late Quaternary stratigraphy and land-sea interactions on the ECS shelf.     

镇江下蜀土剖面的化学风化强度与元素迁移特征

The chemical weathering intensity and element migration features of the Xiashu loess profile in Zhenjiang are studied in this paper.（1）The Xiashu loess profile underwent moderate chemical weathering.It seems that the precipitation is a more important factor than the temperature in controlling the process of the chemical weathering.（2）The major elements such as Si,K,Na,Ca,Mg,Mn and P were migrated and leached,while the elements Fe and Ti were slightly enriched.The migration features of the major elements reveal that the Xiashu loess finished the primary process of chemical weathering characterized by leaching of Ca and Na,and almost reached the secondary process characterized by leaching of K.Except the elements Sr and Ga,other trace elements such as Th,Ba,Cu,Zn,Co,Ni,Cr and V were enriched.It might be caused by both the biogeochemical process and the adsorption of trace elements by clay mineral and organic materials.（3）The difference of element migration down the Xiashu loess profile reveals that the climate was warm and wet at the early-middle stage of the middle Pleistocene.At the end of the middle Pleistocene,it became dry and cool.At the early stage of the Late Pleistocene,the paleoclimate became warm and wet again.As a whole,the paleoclimate generally became drier and cooler in this region from the beginning of the middle Pleistocene.     

安阳市气象信息网的设计与开发

安阳市气象信息网以Web页浏览方式,在不增加预报员工作量的基础上,通过市-县气象局内部网络实现气象信息的发布与浏览,具有快捷高效、实时性强、稳定性高等特点,目前,已成为本地气象部门重要的业务资料调阅平台.     

中国天山地区降水对全球气候变化的响应

天山地区的降水变化及其对全球气候变化的响应是近年来研究的热点。利用中国天山地区40个气象站1951-2014年的月降水数据,运用线性倾向估计、相关分析等气候诊断方法,分析了该区域的降水变化,探讨了主要气候指数与降水同步变化的相关关系。结果表明：年降水呈现出"西多东少,北多南少,高山多外围少"的特征,年降水变化率为6.0 mm·（10a）^-1。SASMI与年降水表现为显著正相关,PDO、PNA和AO与年降水表现为弱正相关,且有局限性。在枯水期,SASMI与天山北坡及部分中高山地带的降水表现为弱正相关,而在西天山南坡表现为弱负相关,ENSO与中、西天山南北坡的中低山带的降水变化相关性较高。在丰水期,SASMI与天山南坡和高山区降水变化相关性较高,PDO与中、西天山南北坡的低山带部分站点的降水变化相关性较高。     

落实权利主体 完善收益分配——谈如何健全农地产权制度推进集体土地流转

从目前农村土地制度的现实情况来看,做好集体土地流转工作,第一步要进一步明确和落实农民集体的土地所有权;第二步要在坚持集体土地所有制的前提下,本着“两权分离”的原则,依法明确和赋予农民长期而有保障的土地使用权;第三步,在明确集体土地所有权和使用权的基础上,规范和完善集体土地使用权流转;第四步,必须有效保护集体土地所有权和使用权,保障交易安全。     

广州逐时降水分析

本文对广州市24小时降水的分布特征进行了统计分析。结果表明：广州全年出现降水的概率为39％,汛期出现降水的概率远大于非汛期,其中6月份出现降水的概率最大,而10～12月份的橇宰则最小;前、后汛期与全年平均强降水频数的24小时分布相一致,其中极大值在上半夜,极小值在早晨．而非汛期则是白天大于夜间。