塔里木河下游常见植物繁殖体形态特征比较

4- 以塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林21种常见植物繁殖体为研究对象,对其形态特征进行了比较分析.结果表明:(1)不同繁殖体之间重量差别很大.单粒重最小的是多花柽柳(0.019 8 mg),最大的是沙枣(131.387 2 mg);(2)繁殖体三维(长、宽、高)的方差最小的是胀果甘草(0.022),方差最大的是蒲公英0.145.菊科、禾本科、茄科和荚竹桃科植物繁殖体均偏离圆球形较大(方差>0.05);(3)柽柳科、杨柳科、菊科和夹竹桃科均具有附属物,这些形态特征有利于物种的扩散和定居;(4)有7种植物的繁殖体重量小于1 mg,且比较接近圆球形(方差小于0.09),有利于形成持久土壤种子库.     

未来气候情景下中国生态地理区域系统温度带的北移(英文)

Despite the well-documented effects of global climate change on terrestrial species' ranges,eco-geographical regions as the regional scale of ecosystems have been poorly studied especially in China with diverse climate and ecosystems.Here we analyse the shift of temperature zones in eco-geographical study over China using projected future climate scenario.Projected climate data with high resolution during 1961-2080 were simulated using regional climate model of PRECIS.The number of days with mean daily temperature above 10℃ and the mean temperature of January are usually regarded as the principal criteria to indicate temperature zones,which are sensitive to climate change.Shifts due to future climate change were calculated by comparing the latitude of grid cells for the future borderline of one temperature zone with that for baseline period(1961-1990).Results indicated that the ranges of Tropical,Subtropical,Warm Temperate and Plateau Temperate Zones would be enlarged and the ranges of Cold Temperate,Temperate and Plateau Sub-cold Zones would be reduced.Cold Temperate Zone would probably disappear at late this century.North borderlines of temperature zones would shift northward under projected future climate change,especially in East China.Farthest shifts of the north boundaries of Plateau Temperate,Subtropical and Warm Temperate Zones would be 3.1°,5.3° and 6.6° latitude respectively.Moreover,northward shift would be more notably in northern China as future temperature increased.     

强度变化对崩坡积体堆积机制及稳定性影响研究

利用颗粒流PFC2D建立了岩土体物理模型,在此基础上设计了均以物理模型折减计算初始模型和以前一折减计算结果为下次折减计算初始模型两类计算条件,每一类又设计了只对凝聚力折减、仅对内摩擦角折减、强度参数同时折减3种计算方案,每种计算方案又包含折减1.0、0.50、0.10、0.01、0.0倍等5个计算工况。经对坡面演替、监测点x方向速度变化曲线等计算结果的对比分析发现：凝聚力对于岩土体的直立特性起控制作用,破坏模式多为崩塌倾倒模式;内摩擦角对于稳定坡角具有重要影响;强度参数同时衰减时,强度参数弱化幅度较大情况下岩土体呈散体物质破坏模式,为滑移渐进破坏模式,其中凝聚力弱化0.1倍前后（约10 kPa）后,破坏模式由崩塌破坏转变为滑移破坏。     

Developmental expression pattern of calmodulin gene in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense

We investigated the developmental expression pattern of AmphiCaM in cephalochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense). We cultured and sampled the animals at different developmental stages (eggs and larvae), and used in-situ hybridization and northern blotting to document the spatial and temporal changes in AmphiCaM expression. The alimentary tract dominates the development from the late neurula stage to the adult stage. AmphiCaM expression increased significantly in the alimentary tract during the late neurula stage and remained elevated in the adults. Our results indicate that AmphiCaM is involved in the differentiation of the alimentary tract in amphioxus; and furthermore, provide an insight into the change in function of CaM genes during evolution.     

Comparison of nonlinear and linear PCA on surface wind, surface height, and SST in the South China Sea

We compared nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) with linear principal component analysis (LPCA) with the data of sea surface wind anomalies (SWA), surface height anomalies (SSHA), and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), taken in the South China Sea (SCS) between 1993 and 2003. The SCS monthly data for SWA, SSHA and SSTA (i.e., the anomalies with climatological seasonal cycle removed) were pre-filtered by LPCA, with only three leading modes retained. The first three modes of SWA, SSHA, and SSTA of LPCA explained 86%, 71%, and 94% of the total variance in the original data, respectively. Thus, the three associated time coefficient functions (TCFs) were used as the input data for NLPCA network. The NLPCA was made based on feed-forward neural network models. Compared with classical linear PCA, the first NLPCA mode could explain more variance than linear PCA for the above data. The nonlinearity of SWA and SSHA were stronger in most areas of the SCS. The first mode of the NLPCA on the SWA and SSHA accounted for 67.26% of the variance versus 54.7%, and 60.24% versus 50.43%, respectively for the first LPCA mode. Conversely, the nonlinear SSTA, localized in the northern SCS and southern continental shelf region, resulted in little improvement in the explanation of the variance for the first NLPCA.     

台湾以东中尺度涡对黑潮入侵东海路径的影响

利用AVISO数据集的卫星高度计资料,分析了中国台湾以东中尺度涡的时空特征,通过具体的中尺度涡实例探讨了其对台湾以东黑潮路径的影响。研究表明气旋式中尺度涡在春夏季节的数目要少于反气旋式中尺度涡,在秋冬季节气旋式涡旋个数则多于反气旋涡;并且台东以东区域涡旋传播存在多种路径,涡旋的存在对台湾东北部黑潮入侵东海的路径具有重大影响,特别是2004年夏季台湾以东区域存在多个涡旋,相应的吕宋海峡黑潮主轴向东偏移明显,台湾东北黑潮入侵东海的路径发生了显著变化。     

北极阿拉斯加北坡盆地挤压正断层特征及其发育演化模式

阿拉斯加北坡盆地为北极圈内重要的富油气盆地,盆地自早白垩世晚期以来一直处于布鲁克斯前陆挤压状态,然而在盆地西北部楚科奇海域却发现了大量的晚期正断层。断层可进一步细分为2期3组断裂,分别为EW向、NNE向、NNW向断层,剖面上均表现为断面陡直的平行板状正断层,断距相对较小;平面上主要分布于古隆起及其周缘,部分NNE向和NNW向断层直接相连,呈“锯齿状”折线展布。晚期断层的发育受2个期次、2个方向挤压应力的控制,早白垩世晚期,受南北向挤压作用,首先形成NNW向和NNE向2组剪切节理,而后形成EW向断层。晚白垩世,受东西向挤压作用,断层沿早期2组节理发育,使NNW向和NNE向断层部分呈“锯齿状”。      

准噶尔盆地灰漠土无机磷形态及磷吸附特性研究

选择新疆准噶尔盆地灰漠土作为研究对象,通过测定灰漠土中不同形态的无机磷素含量并进行土壤磷素等温吸附实验,研究灰漠土中各形态无机磷素的有效性和土壤磷吸附特征。结果表明,灰漠土中无机磷形态主要是Ca-P,占全磷含量75%以上,且以Ca₁₀-P形式为主,其次为Ca₈-P和Ca₂-P,无机磷中Al-P、Fe-P和O-P含量较少。全剖面中随着土层深度增加,Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P和Al-P占全磷总量的比例减少,Ca₁₀-P占全磷总量则有所增加,0~20 cm土层全磷和Olsen-P含量最高,分别平均为926 mg·kg^-1和51.54 mg·kg^-1。统计分析表明Ca₂-P、Al-P是最有效的磷源,Ca₈-P和Fe-P是第二有效磷源,O-P和Ca₁₀-P则是作物的潜在磷源。利用Langmuir方程拟合灰漠土的磷等温吸附曲线,得出土壤最大吸磷量（Xm）为957±629 mg·kg^-1,吸附参数（K）为149.285±89.225;灰漠土的粘粒含量对Xm影响最大,其次是有机质,pH值影响最小。     

厦门花岗石风化壳工程地质带及风化岩石的工程地质特征

本文对厦门花岗岩风化壳进行了系统地分带，共分为新鲜岩石带、微风化带、强风化带、不均匀风化岩土带及残积土带。阐述了各带工程地质特征，并进行了定量分带的探讨。本文用点荷载强度、弹性波速度及回弹锤试验结果进行了单指标和多指标的综合评判。根据大量现场和室内测试的研究资料，作者详细论述了各风化带的组构、物理力学性质及其变化规律。并建立了风化岩石点荷载强度指数Is（50）与弹性波纵波速度Vp、弹性波纵速度Vp与极限抗压强度R及点荷载强度指数Is（50）与极限抗压强度R之间的关系式。     

化学光谱法测定微量金的摄谱电极之改进

化学光谱法测定微量金已实用多年。一般使用杯形下电极、锥形上电极，本实验在前人基础上将上电极改为凹形电极，与锥形上电极摄谱相比较的优点是：（）使用凹形上电极避免了炽热的锥形电极头像进入光栏孔。样品含量低于μ时摄谱11g曝光时间控制为。上下电极有效对齐，避免了摄谱激发因瞬时电势差极大而引起的溅弧现8 s象，所以光谱背景浅。×110－3μ的金在线处也能看到清晰谱线。g2 675.95 （）凹形对电极摄谱，增大工作电流，延长曝光时间，从而提高弧焰的温度，使蒸发出2来的金得以充分激发。另外，上下电极都存在一个气室，对金的…