华北克拉通岩石圈三维密度结构

显生宙以来华北克拉通岩石圈遭到破坏,这一现象的科学问题已受到世界地学家广泛关注.本文首先将地震层析成像反演得到的P波速度扰动转化为密度扰动,以此作为初始密度模型,然后利用布格重力异常反演得到了华北克拉通岩石圈高分辨三维密度结构.为了避开大型稀疏矩阵求逆计算,提高计算效率,我们将代数重构技术用于密度反演解算.反演结果表明:华北克拉通岩石圈密度在横向和纵向上均存在明显的不均匀性,密度分布形态与地表构造格局有很好的相关性;研究区地壳整体表现为低密度异常,地壳以下岩石圈部分则以高密度异常为主;鄂尔多斯块体地壳范围内以低密度异常为主,80~120 km深度上为呈南北两端集中分布的高密度异常,并分别与秦岭造山带和阴山造山带的高密度异常分布相连,这暗示了鄂尔多斯块体可能受到了来自其南北两端造山带深部动力学过程的影响;80~120 km深度上,华北克拉通东部地区呈现出显著的南北向非均匀的高密度异常,这表明遭到破坏后该地区上地幔物质分布具有强烈的南北向非均匀性.     

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利用解析法有效快速估计将来GRACE Follow-On地球重力场的精度

本文首次利用解析法有效快速估计了将来GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment） Follow-On地球重力场的精度. 第一,基于功率谱原理分别建立了新的GRACE Follow-On卫星激光干涉星间测量系统星间速度、GPS接收机轨道位置和轨道速度以及加速度计非保守力误差影响累计大地水准面的单独和联合解析误差模型. 第二,利用提出的GRACE卫星关键载荷匹配精度指标和美国喷气推进实验室（JPL）公布的GRACE Level 1B实测精度指标的一致性,以及估计的GRACE累计大地水准面精度和德国波兹坦地学研究中心（GFZ）公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S地球重力场模型实测精度的符合性,验证了本文建立的解析误差模型是可靠的. 第三,论证了GRACE Follow-On卫星不同关键载荷匹配精度指标和轨道高度对地球重力场精度的影响. 在360阶处,利用轨道高度250 km、星间距离50 km、星间速度误差1×10^-9m/s、轨道位置误差3×10^-5m、轨道速度误差3×10^-8m/s和非保守力误差3×10^-13m/s²,基于联合解析误差模型估计累计大地水准面的精度为1.231×10^-1 m. 本文的研究不仅为当前GRACE和将来GRACE Follow-On地球重力场精度的有效快速确定提供了理论基础和计算保证,同时对国际将来GRAIL（Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory）月球卫星重力测量计划的成功实施具有重要的参考意义.     

714CDN天气雷达特征性故障的技术分析

714CDN天气雷达长时间满负荷运行,不可避免会发生各种故障。准确、快速地发现故障并及时排除,是确保天气雷达正常运行的重要环节。本文通过对雷达发射系统、天馈系统和基础供电电源部份故障排除过程的分析,为C波段天气雷达故障排除提供经验和技术思路。      

GRACE星体和SuperSTAR加速度计的质心调整精度对地球重力场精度的影响

本文利用改进的能量守恒法开展了GRACE星体和星载加速度计检验质量的不同质心调整精度影响地球重力场精度的模拟研究论证. 结果表明：第一,在120阶处,当质心调整精度设计为0 m,恢复累计大地水准面精度为17.616 cm;当质心调整精度分别设计为5×10^-5 m、1×10^-4 m和5×10^-4 m时,恢复精度各自降低至18.106 cm、19.033 cm和27.329 cm. 第二,以德国GFZ公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S地球重力场模型的实测累计大地水准面精度为标准,当质心调整精度设计为(5～10)×10^-5 m时,其和K波段星间测量系统、GPS接收机、SuperSTAR加速度计、恒星敏感器等GRACE核心载荷的精度指标相匹配,对地球重力场恢复精度的影响较小,因此建议我国将来研制的首颗重力卫星的星体和星载加速度计检验质量的质心调整精度设计为(5～10)×10^-5 m较优.     

洛阳龙门地区寒武系第三统张夏组碳酸盐岩风暴沉积类型及遗迹化石特征

洛阳龙门地区出露连续的寒武系第三统张夏组碳酸盐岩,层内发育大量的风暴沉积构造,是研究碳酸盐岩风暴沉积的良好剖面。研究区发育了6种典型的风暴相关沉积构造,根据风暴岩的沉积序列,识别出5种风暴沉积岩;研究了该区风暴沉积中遗迹化石,依据遗迹化石的分布特征以及镜下特征,划分出了3个风暴沉积序列层段,识别出6个遗迹属,建立了研究区遗迹化石的风暴沉积分布模式图,得出了研究区沉积环境演化规律。      

庙岛群岛北五岛生态系统净初级生产力与景观格局时空分布异质性研究

利用ArcGIS10.2、ENVI5.1、SPSS26等软件，本文基于经典CASA模型估算了2005年、2010年、2017年庙岛群岛北五岛的净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity, NPP)，从季节、岛屿、景观类型、地形梯度等多种角度分析了NPP的时空分布异质性；进而分析了2005年、2010年、2017年北五岛的景观格局时空分布异质性；探讨了NPP与景观格局时空变化之间的关系及其原因。结果表明:庙岛群岛北五岛平均全年NPP总量为7 520.54 t/a(以碳计)，平均密度为406.07 g/(m2·a) (以碳计)；NPP分布呈明显的时空分异性；各景观类型平均面积由大到小依次为:针叶林、阔叶林、建设用地、草地、耕地；其NPP平均密度由大到小依次为:阔叶林、针叶林、耕地、草地、建设用地；各景观NPP平均密度随坡度和高差的增大先上升后出现平缓下降态势；坡向对林地NPP影响较大，半阴坡林地NPP平均密度最大；不同地形梯度的NPP年平均密度随时间推移总体呈下降态势；NPP高值出现在山林区域，低值主要在建设用地区域；由于自然地理条件、植物自身生长条件和人类活动强度等原因，NPP时空异质性分布受季节差异、景观格局时空异质性和地形因子影响显著。     

基于SRTM天气雷达净空环境评估算法误差分析

采用航天飞机雷达地形测绘使命(SRTM)高程数据对天气雷达净空环境进行评估,可有效提高雷达选址评估效率。利用人工测量数据和SRTM数据进行天气雷达净空环境评估对比试验,结果表明基于该数据的天气雷达净空环境评估算法总体与人工测量方法具有较好的一致性。采用方位矫正和距离矫正算法后,基于该数据的天气雷达净空环境评估算法精度明显提高。     

Preliminary evaluations of FGOALS-g2 for decadal predictions

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 (FGOALS-g2) for decadal predictions, is evaluated preliminarily, based on sets of ensemble 10-year hindcasts that it has produced. The results show that the hindcasts were more accurate in decadal variability of SST and surface air temperature (SAT), particularly in that of Nin o3.4 SST and China regional SAT, than the second sample of the historical runs for 20th-century climate (the control) by the same model. Both the control and the hindcasts represented the global warming well using the same external forcings, but the control overestimated the warming. The hindcasts produced the warming closer to the observations. Performance of FGOALS-g2 in hindcasts benefits from more realistic initial conditions provided by the initialization run and a smaller model bias resulting from the use of a dynamic bias correction scheme newly developed in this study. The initialization consists of a 61-year nudging-based assimilation cycle, which follows on the control run on 01 January 1945 with the incorporation of observation data of upper-ocean temperature and salinity at each integration step in the ocean component model, the LASG IAP Climate System Ocean Model, Version 2 (LICOM2). The dynamic bias correction is implemented at each step of LICOM2 during the hindcasts to reduce the systematic biases existing in upper-ocean temperature and salinity by incorporating multi-year monthly mean increments produced in the assimilation cycle. The effectiveness of the assimilation cycle and the role of the correction scheme were assessed prior to the hindcasts.     

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land system model, Spectral Version 2: FGOALS-s2

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Spectral Version 2 (FGOALS-s2) was used to simulate realistic climates and to study anthropogenic influences on climate change. Specifically, the FGOALS-s2 was integrated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to conduct coordinated experiments that will provide valuable scientific information to climate research communities. The performances of FGOALS-s2 were assessed in simulating major climate phenomena, and documented both the strengths and weaknesses of the model. The results indicate that FGOALS-s2 successfully overcomes climate drift, and realistically models global and regional climate characteristics, including SST, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation. In particular, the model accurately captures annual and semi-annual SST cycles in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the main characteristic features of the Asian summer monsoon, which include a low-level southwestern jet and five monsoon rainfall centers. The simulated climate variability was further examined in terms of teleconnections, leading modes of global SST (namely, ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO), and changes in 19th–20th century climate. The analysis demonstrates that FGOALS-s2 realistically simulates extra-tropical teleconnection patterns of large-scale climate, and irregular ENSO periods. The model gives fairly reasonable reconstructions of spatial patterns of PDO and global monsoon changes in the 20th century. However, because the indirect effects of aerosols are not included in the model, the simulated global temperature change during the period 1850–2005 is greater than the observed warming, by 0.6°C. Some other shortcomings of the model are also noted.