多源数据在地图生产中的集成应用

探讨了数字制图中多源数据集成应用的必要性,阐述了多源数据的分类、分析评价和基本的处理方法,最后介绍了多源数据集成应用的几个方面,并给出了具体实例。     

闽西北冰雹的时空特征与天气形势分析

利用1990—2008年常规观测资料和850 hPa、500 hPa高空资料,分析了闽西北冰雹的时空分布特征和有利于产生冰雹的天气型。结果表明,闽西北是福建省冰雹多发区,近年来降雹呈明显减少趋势;月变化呈现一大明显单峰（4月）和两小双峰（7月、11月）现象,主要发生时次在14：00—20：00;连续降雹日数以孤立日为主,每次降雹以1～2站次较为多见;11至翌年5月,有利于产生冰雹的天气型（850 hPa）为暖切适中型、低涡冷切适中型,冷切适中型和低槽偏东型;冷切偏西和暖切偏北型降雹发生概率较适中型低,较偏南型高;74.1%的雹日伴有低空西南急流,并以急流适中和偏北型居多;大于等于3站次降雹的主导天气形势为暖切适中型、低涡冷切适中型,81.5%伴有低空西南急流;6—9月有利于产生冰雹的天气型（500 hPa）为副热带高压边缘型和副热带小高压型,发生较大范围冰雹的可能性小。     

2011年龙岩市北部两次冰雹过程分析

利用常规气象探测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1.0°×1.0°再分析资料、自动气象站资料和龙岩天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)等资料.对2011年发生在春季和夏季两次冰雹过程进行分析,找出了春季产生冰雹的天气系统与特征.     

陕西省铝土矿地质特征及成矿规律

陕西省已知铝土矿产地主要分布于陕北的府谷县、渭北的铜川-韩城一带和陕南的西乡、镇巴、南郑地区;已知铝土矿都位于沉积间断面上,受地层层位控制,属滨海-浅海相沉积矿床。陕北和渭北铝土矿主要产于石炭系下统下部本溪组,陕南铝土矿主要产于二叠系上统吴家坪组底部王坡页岩段。成矿的地质构造条件是隆起区边缘。成矿物质来源既有基底碳酸盐岩的溶蚀分解物,也有陆源铝硅酸盐岩的风化分解物。气候条件是有利于使岩石中铝质析出的温暖潮湿条件。时间上有一个较长时间的沉积问断。对成矿有利的地形条件是古地形总体比较平缓,有利于铝硅酸盐风化物在缓慢的搬运过程中充分分解析出Al2O3。     

综合地理数据与MODIS物候特征的区域土地覆盖制图(英文)

The study developed a feasible method for large-area land cover mapping with combination of geographical data and phenological characteristics, taking Northeast China (NEC) as the study area. First, with the monthly average of precipitation and temperature datasets, the spatial clustering method was used to divide the NEC into four ecoclimate regions. For each ecoclimate region, geographical variables (annual mean precipitation and temperature, elevation, slope and aspect) were combined with phenological variables derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI)), which were taken as input variables of land cover classification. Decision Tree (DT) classifiers were then performed to produce land cover maps for each region. Finally, four resultant land cover maps were mosaicked for the entire NEC (NEC_MODIS), and the land use and land cover data of NEC (NEC_LULC) interpreted from Landsat-TM images was used to evaluate the NEC_MODIS and MODIS land cover product (MODIS_IGBP) in terms of areal and spatial agreement. The results showed that the phenological information derived from EVI and LSWI time series well discriminated land cover classes in NEC, and the overall accuracy was significantly improved by 5.29% with addition of geographical variables. Compared with NEC_LULC for seven aggregation classes, the area errors of NEC_MODIS were much smaller and more stable than that of MODIS_IGBP for most of classes, and the wall-to-wall spatial comparisons at pixel level indicated that NEC_MODIS agreed with NEC_LULC for 71.26% of the NEC, whereas only 62.16% for MODIS_IGBP. The good performance of NEC_MODIS demonstrates that the methodology developed in the study has great potential for timely and detailed land cover mapping in temperate and boreal regions.     

四川盆地蜀南地区上三叠统须家河组低孔低渗储层特征及形成机理

蜀南地区须家河组为一套辫状河三角洲平原分支河道沉积的岩屑砂岩、长石岩屑质石英砂岩和岩屑质石英砂岩。埋藏深度变化较大（0～2 673 m）,大部分埋深800～2 000 m,平均孔隙度4.64%,平均渗透率0.147×10-3μm2,属于低孔低渗储层。造成低孔低渗的主要原因是:（1）在构造背景上,须家河组沉积时研究区靠近刚由海变陆而隆升的物源区,沉积物搬运距离较短,分异程度低,大量的泥岩、千枚岩等塑性岩屑及杂基被保存下来,同时碎屑颗粒分选磨圆程度较差,均不利于原生孔隙的形成;（2）在沉积条件上,由于辫状河河道水动力不稳定,侧向改道迅速,早期泥岩易被冲蚀,导致砂泥混杂,砂岩中含较多杂基,堵塞充填原始孔隙;（3）早期持续快速的埋藏过程,压实作用强烈,岩屑压实变形被挤入粒间孔隙中,同时普遍发育的石英次生加大使得砂岩越发致密,孔隙消失殆尽。（4）研究区须家河组远离沉积中心,缺乏烃源岩成熟产生的酸性流体溶蚀改造,导致次生孔隙不发育。     

库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇沉积特征及相模式

通过野外露头考察和测井分析,并结合地震和三维电法资料,对库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇的沉积特征和分布规律进行研究,建立了冲积扇沉积模式。库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇岩性主要为黄色、黄红色砾岩、砂砾岩及含砾砂岩。砾石层中可见底冲刷-充填构造、交错层理和平行层理。测井曲线整体表现出GR低和电阻率高的特征,曲线呈箱形、漏斗形和钟形;地震相以杂乱反射和前积特征为主。为了提高了研究的精度,在钻井分布稀少和地震相特征不明显的地区,将三维电法资料用于冲积扇分布的研究。通过综合研究,认为冲积扇在西部的Bz1井地区和Db1井地区规模最大,在东部地区发育规模小。构造运动是冲积扇发育的主要控制因素,库车期构造运动活动强烈,南天山快速隆升,为冲积扇提供大量的物源,Bz1井地区持续隆升,遭受剥蚀,物源充足,冲积扇规模不断增大;Db1井地区由于受构造断裂的影响,局部隆升,为冲积扇提供了局部物源。通过分析,认为库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇主要有长期稳定的继承性单物源冲积扇模式和受局部构造控制的多物源冲积扇模式。     

陕西镇安县桂林沟钼矿成矿特征及成矿要素分析

潼关—柞水—宁陕区域性北东向构造岩浆岩带控制了矿区岩浆岩体、矿区构造和钼矿化带的产出及其规模,矿区次级断裂构造为成矿物质聚集提供了有利的储存空间,中酸性岩浆活动及其热液蚀变控制了成矿物质的迁移、富集.区域性北东向构造岩浆岩带具有良好的找矿前景,应引起相关矿产勘查工作的高度重视.     

Pollution Condition of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutant and Estimation of Its Environmental Capacities in Summer in the Bohai Sea

The zones around the Bohai Sea are the most developed area in north China [1]. With the development of economy and increasing of population, the marine environment quality has become worse and worse in Bohai Sea, especially in the coastal regions of Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay and Laizhou Bay [1]. As reported, the petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) contamination in the Bohai Sea was mainly due to the discharge of oily wastewater from inland [1]. There were about 8 734 392.3 104 t water input in the …     

抚顺盆地油页岩地质特征及其成矿过程

抚顺盆地位于郯庐断裂带北延东支[CD2]抚顺[CD1]密山断裂带上,盆内赋存有厚达200 m的巨厚油页岩层,按含油率高低,可分为上部富矿层和下部贫矿层。富矿层中水平层理发育,含油率多为5%~8%,最高可达12%;贫矿层中层理很少,多数层段含油率小于3%。地球化学分析结果显示,油页岩中有机碳含量较高,最高可达13.1%。油页岩属Ⅰ[CD*2]Ⅱ型干酪根,成熟度较低。整个含油页岩岩系的形成经历了盆地初始裂陷、加速裂陷、稳定发育、较快速裂陷、较慢速裂陷、终止裂陷6个阶段。综合分析表明,油页岩贫矿层形成于盆地周缘夷平程度较高、物源供给较少、盆地基底沉降相对较快、有机质堆积比例较低的浅湖环境;油页岩富矿层形成于盆地周缘夷平程度较高、物源供给较少、盆地基底沉降速率相对缓慢、有机质堆积比例相对较高的浅湖环境。