水电站地下厂房结构抗震计算方法探讨

地下结构是水电站地下厂房抗震设计的关键,我国现行规范尚未对其抗震设计方法作出明确规定。结合汶川地震中映秀湾地下厂房结构震灾调查,采用拟静力法、反应谱法和时程法分别进行结构受力计算。结果表明,3种方法均能在一定程度上反应映力荷载作用下地下结构的破坏情况,为抗震设计提供理论依据。拟静力法计算结果偏安全,但其对顶拱、牛腿等局部结构计算有一定不合理之处;反应谱法能展现结构的薄弱部位,便于抗震加固,但在与围岩接触的结构分析中存在较大误差;时程法能精细反映地下结构的地震受力过程,计算结果与震害调查吻合较好,便于更为经济的工程设计。建议对安全级别高、规模大或处于高地震烈度区域的地下厂房结构采用时程法进行计算。     

双星移动目标监控系统的设计与实现

简要介绍了北斗卫星导航定位系统的定位原理和特点。根据北斗卫星导航定位系统的特点设计了一套基于北斗卫星导航定位的双星移动目标监控系统,并详细分析了系统的功能、特点及应用前景。     

VO数据访问服务客户端系统的设计与实现

虚拟天文台数据访问服务(VO-DAS)基于新兴的数据网格技术,实现异地异构海量天文数据统一联合资源的访问.这些服务对外提供简单、直观的访问操作接口.立足VO-DAS的接口服务,我们设计了一套客户端系统,即VO-DAS的GUI客户端和命令行客户端.数据用户可以通过客户端实现对VO-DAS接口的调用,从而访问分布存储的异构天文数据资源.     

系统聚类和主成分分析在现代沉积环境划分中的应用-以海南新村港潟湖为例

An understanding of the sedimentary environment in relation to its controlling factors is of great importance in coastal geomorphology,ecology,tourism and aquaculture studies.We attempt to deal with this issue,using a case study from the Xincun Lagoon,Hainan Island in southern China.For the study,surficial sediment samples were collected,together with hydrodynamic and bathymetric surveys,during August 2013.Numerical simulation was carried out to obtain high-spatial resolution tidal current data.The sediment samples were analyzed to derive mean grain size,sorting coefficient,skewness and kurtosis,together with the sand,silt and clay contents.The modern sedimentary environments were classified using system cluster and principal component analyses.Grain size analysis reveals that the sediments are characterized by extremely slightly sandy silty mud(ESSSM) and slightly silty sand(SSS),which are distributed in the central lagoon and near-shore shallow water areas,respectively.Mean grain size varies from 0 to 8.0Ф,with an average of 4.6Ф.The silt content is the highest,i.e.,52% on average,with the average contents of sand and clay being 43% and 5%,respectively.There exists a significant correlation between mean size and water depth,suggesting that the surficial sediments become finer with increasing water depth.Cluster analyses reveals two groups of samples.The first group is characterized by mean grain size of more than 5.5Ф,whilst the second group has mean grain size of below 3.5Ф.Further,these groups also have different correlations between mean grain size and the other grain size parameters.In terms of the tidal current,the average values of the root mean square velocity(RMSV) are 7.5 cm/s and 6.9 cm/s on springs and neaps,respectively.For the RMSVs that are higher than 4 cm/s,a significant positive correlation is found between the content of the 63–125 μm fraction and the RMSV,suggesting that the RMSV determines the variability of the very fine sand fraction.Based on system cluster and principal component analyses(PCA),the modern sedimentary environments are classified into three types according to the grain size parameters,RMSVs and water depth data.The results suggest the importance of grain size parameters and high-spatial resolution hydrodynamic data in differentiating the coastal sedimentary environments.     

青藏高原全新世1月和7月气温序列重建

青藏高原自然环境受人类干扰相对较小,为利用古孢粉记录重建气候因子提供了可能,高原过去气候因子的重建对于预测未来气候变化趋势有重要意义.通过选取的29条高原化石孢粉记录,利用现代类比法和化石孢粉点与高原气温的函数关系,把化石孢粉点古气温转化为青藏高原古气温,重建了高原全新世1月和7月古气温序列.结果表明：对于1月和7月气温而言,全新世早期（11.5～8.5 ka BP）为气温波动上升期;全新世中期（8.5～4.6 ka BP）为全新世大暖期,气温整体高于现代;全新世晚期（4.6 ka BP～至今）又可分为两个阶段,一个是4.6～2.4 ka BP,在此阶段1月和7月气温都有减小的趋势,另一个阶段则是2.4 ka BP至今,气温出现反常的趋势.     

北大别的多期深熔作用及山根垮塌的新证据

大别山是由华南板块在245～210 Ma向华北板块之下俯冲并发生陆陆碰撞形成的。随着南、北板块的汇聚继续,地壳持续加厚。然而,加厚的下地壳岩石（特别是镁铁质下地壳岩石）在重力作用下密度增大、稳定性降低,在145～130 Ma 时发生深熔作用;130 Ma 左右加厚下地壳拆沉,引发软流圈上涌,产生了130～110 Ma的大规模镁铁质和花岗质岩浆作用以及北大别发生强烈的混合岩化作用。其中,北大别混合岩中不同类型浅色体（至少可以分为4种）和碰撞后变质闪长岩的甄别及其岩石地球化学和同位素年代学方面系统研究为大别山印支期深俯冲陆壳的折返以及燕山期镁铁质下地壳岩石拆沉和山根垮塌所引发的多期深熔作用提供了新的关键证据。山根垮塌诱发的地幔对流导致～145 Ma时岩石圈开始减薄,进而导致加厚镁铁质下地壳温度和地壳中下部地热增温率升高,并使其发生部分熔融;加厚下地壳的部分熔融导致造山带下地壳持续弱化,加剧其重力不平衡,从而引发深部俯冲的镁铁质下地壳岩石的大规模拆沉和山根垮塌。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床暗色包体岩石成因:对岩浆混合和成矿的启示

岩浆混合作用的研究对揭示壳幔相互作用,探讨成岩成矿过程具有重要意义。甲玛矿区位于冈底斯成矿带东段,为超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,矿区内的中酸性岩浆岩中普遍发育暗色包体,对其中的暗色包体中的闪长质包体开展详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学、Hf同位素地球化学及U-Pb同位素地质年代学等方面研究以期查明岩石成因,为岩浆混合作用和成矿作出启示,完善甲玛成岩成矿模型。岩相学观察表明,闪长质包体及寄主岩浆岩中存在多种反映岩浆混合作用的典型组构,如长石-石英熔蚀结构、石英镶边结构、长石交代筛状结构、长石反环带结构、磷灰石针柱状结构等,锆石LA-ICP-MS UPb同位素定年结果显示,包体形成时代(15. 3±0. 3Ma)与中酸性寄主岩石在误差范围内一致,也符合了岩浆混合作用的存在。闪长质包体化学成分上类似高Mg埃达克岩(MgO=3. 53%～6. 62%,Sr/Y=20～57,(La/Yb)N=51～64),具有低SiO_2(52. 44%～59. 45%),高K_2O(3. 19%～5. 62%),高相容元素(Ni=86×10~(-6)～146×10~(-6); Cr=102×10~(-6)～228×10~(-6))的特征,∑REE高于中酸性寄主岩浆岩,且轻重稀土分异明显((LREE/HREE)N=21～23),富集LILE(Rb=189×10~(-6)～284×10~(-6),Sr=498×10~(-6)～658×10~(-6),Ba=1247×10~(-6)～1378×10~(-6)),相对亏损HFSE(Nb、Ta、Ti),在稀土元素配分图及微量元素蛛网图中闪长质包体介于冈底斯带碰撞后时期的超钾镁铁质岩(来源于富集的岩石圈地幔)与甲玛中酸性寄主岩浆岩(主要来源于加厚新生下地壳)之间,Hf同位素(ε_(Hf)(t)=-0. 9～4. 6)同样也介于超钾镁铁质岩与花岗闪长斑岩(代表中酸性寄主岩浆)之间。这些特征说明闪长质包体是富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的镁铁质岩浆与加厚新生下地壳部分熔融形成的中酸性岩浆发生混合的产物,同时指示了东冈底斯带中新世时期也存在岩石圈地幔伸展对流减薄事件,以及证实了南拉萨地体广泛分布的高钾埃达克质岩在形成过程中,伴随着与富集岩石圈地幔来源的超钾镁铁质岩浆发生不同程度混合。此外,富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的镁铁质岩浆的混入,将会为中酸性岩浆系统加入大量的水和金属物质,这也是控制甲玛超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床形成的关键因素。     

广东天然气水合物产业发展对策研究

为加快我国天然气水合物产业的发展,有力支撑我国海洋经济高质量发展,文章概述广东省天然气水合物的产业基础,研判其面临的挑战,分析国际非常规能源的发展概况和特点,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：美国马塞勒斯支持推动页岩气的基础理论研究和技术创新,英国利物浦全力培养海上风电高端人才并积极营造海上风电优质发展环境;广东天然气水合物产业发展资源禀赋优良、技术持续攻关、产业呈集聚发展态势,政府出台一系列相关政策支持产业发展,但仍面临国际资源开发利用竞争加剧、采储层开采难度大、关键技术尚待攻关和开发成本偏高等方面的挑战,亟须大力支持基础理论研究、突破海工装备关键技术、积极推进能源金融发展和强化海洋人才队伍支撑。     

Characterization and differential expression of three GnRH forms during reproductive development in cultured turbot Schophthalmus maximus

Turbots( Schophthalmus maximus), one of the most important economic marine flatfish species, fail to undergo final spawning and spermiation naturally under artificial farming conditions. In vertebrates, reproduction is regulated by the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis(BPG-axis), and gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) is one of its key components. Therefore, to better understand the physiology of reproduction in the turbot, three of the genes encoding GnRH subtypes— sbGnRH, c GnRH-II and sGnRH —were cloned and sequenced by isolating the cDNA sequences. The localizations and patterns of expression of their mRNAs were also evaluated during seasonal gonadal development. All three mRNAs were expressed abundantly in the brain; sbGnRH and sGnRH mRNAs were also detected in the gonads and pituitary gland, and sbGnRH expression was much higher than that of sGnRH, indicating the critical role of sbGnRH in regulating the BPG-axis. Moreover, the brain expression patterns of sbGnRH and sGnRH mRNAs showed an increased trend during gonadal development, peaking in mature stages. This indicated the direct regulation of gonadal development by the GnRH system. In addition, c GnRH-II mRNA expression showed no significant variations, suggesting that c GnRH-II is not critically involved in the control of reproduction. Further, the mRNA abundances of the three GnRH forms in the breeding season were significantly higher than those in immature and post-breeding stages in all analyzed brain areas. Therefore, we propose that sbGnRH is the most important hormone for the regulation of reproduction in turbot via the BPG-axis. These results will help in better understanding the reproductive endocrine mechanisms of turbots and lay the groundwork for additional studies aimed at comparing the reproductive physiology of wild individuals with those raised under artificial conditions.     

辽河口芦苇湿地积水营养盐组成和结构的周日变化特征

本文于2015年5、6和9月对辽河口芦苇湿地积水进行营养盐昼夜变化监测,分析了其不同形态氮、磷组成和时空变化特征,研究了温度、盐度、pH、DO和叶绿素a理化因子,与营养盐组成和结构的关系。结果表明,芦苇湿地积水中总溶解态氮(TDN)昼夜变化相对稳定,芦苇生长初期、快速生长期和成熟期TDN含量范围依次为1.35-3.12mg/L(平均为2.07mg/L)、0.82-3.06mg/L(平均1.31mg/L)和0.31-12.59mg/L(平均3.26mg/L);虽然TDN的组成结构不断变化,但是DON始终是TN的主要组分,约占81-99%。总溶解磷(TDP)含量范围依次为0.04-0.12mg/L(平均为0.07mg/L)、0.03-0.12mg/L(平均0.06mg/L)和0.02-0.13mg/L(平均0.07mg/L)。芦苇生长期内水体中溶解性氮磷比(N/P)除5月4点外,均小于12,芦苇快速生产期(1.28)和成熟期(2.40)积水中的N/P比平均水平低于芦苇生长初期(5.47),积水中氮处于相对匮乏的状态,可能与芦苇对氮的大量吸收相关。温度、盐度、pH、DO和叶绿素a与不同形态营养盐的相关分析结果表明,芦苇湿地系统不仅存在旺盛的芦苇生产活动,也存在较强的微藻初级生产和微生物再生产活动,环境因子通过影响芦苇和积水微藻的初级生产,以及积水中微生物的再生产活动,显著影响营养盐组成和结构的时空变化。