开鲁盆地东北部钱家店凹陷晚白垩世姚家组孢粉组合及其古气候意义

对于开鲁盆地姚家组孢粉学的研究不仅丰富了该地区晚白垩世孢粉学资料,而且为该地区晚白垩世地层划分与对比提供了依据.通过对开鲁盆地钱家店凹陷钻孔QIV-48-61深315~447 m井段的岩心做了详细采样、描述,并进行了孢粉化石的处理、鉴定和分析,在其中的10个层位中发现了丰富的孢粉化石,共计73属88种,并建立了3个孢粉组合,自下而上依次为Schizaeoisporites-Cyathidites-Tricolpopollenites,Schizaeoisporites-Classopollis-Taxodiaceaepollenites和Schizaeoisporites-Exesipollenties-Tricolpopollenites,根据孢粉组合内一些重要分子的地质时限及与外区有关孢粉组合的对比,将其时代划归为晚白垩世Coniacian晚期-Santonian早期,其层位相当于姚家组.根据孢粉母体植物形态和生态特征、干湿度环境和气候环境,将其孢粉植物群反映的植被、干湿度和气候带划分为3个演化阶段:第1演化阶段(405.9~413.2 m)沉积时期植被面貌大体为针叶林与草本共生,对应于湿润、半湿润的热带-亚热带气候;第2演化阶段(389.7~405.9 m)植被面貌演化为以高大乔木型针叶树种占优势地位,并出现一次明显的干旱化事件,对应于半干旱的热带-亚热带气候;第3演化阶段(336.0~389.7 m)植被面貌与第1阶段相似,为针叶林与草本共生,干旱化有所缓解,对应于半湿润-半干旱的热带-亚热带气候.      

岷县、漳县6.6级地震的预测过程回顾

After the Ms6.6 earthquake occurred in the border region between Min and Zhang counties of Gansu Province on July 22, 2013, we preliminarily estimated the earthquake sequence to be a main shock-aftershock type based on the history of moderate-strong earthquake sequences in this area. As time went on, there were more aftershock events. These could be used for further analysis, and then for further decision on the earthquake sequence type. Finally, we determined the Ms6.6 earthquake sequence that occurred in the border region between Min and Zhang counties, Gansu Province as having been a main shock-aftershock type, with the largest Ms5.6 aftershock having occurred on the same day as the main Ms6.6 shock, from a comprehensive analysis of the historical characteristics of moderatety strong earthquakes of the earthquake zone, and the space-time evolution characteristics and parameters of the earthquake sequence. These provided a correct basis for anti- earthquake relief work and played an important role in mitigating the earthquake disaster and stabilizing the disturbed soci- ety after the earthquake in the earthquake zone and its neighboring areas. Reviewing the forecasting process and the re- sults, we found that we had successfully predicted the Ms6.6 earthquake that occurred in the border region between Min and Zhang counties on July 22, 2013 several years before it occurred. The magnitude and location of the earthquake had been predicted accurately, and the accuracy of the prediction was much higher than any other example in Chinese earth- quake prediction history. Forecasting on a monthly scale, we had indicated at the monthly meeting on earthquake prediction at the end of February, 2013 that there would be a risk of a moderately strong earthquake in Gansu Province from the change in moderately strong earthquake activity on the Chinese mainland. Even for short and impending earthquake prediction from several days to several dozens of days, we had proposed the likelihood of a moderate-strong earthquake happening in Gansu Province and the adjacent areas from the results of previous studies and the cases of earthquakes with MI ≥ 4.0 from the time before the Ms6.6 earthquake occurred. In a meeting about earthquake prediction held several days before the occurrence of the Ms6.6 event, we made the prediction that there would be an earthquake of M≥ 5.0 happening somewhere in Gansu Province and the surrounding area within dozens of days. The fact we had successfully predicted the Ms6.6 earth-quake on a several-year scale, as well as over a short time period to some extent, reinforces our belief that earthquakes can be forecast. Even with our present level of understanding, we can still capture some information on the gestation and occurrence of earthquakes before the arrival of a disaster. However, in order to achieve the goal of earthquake prediction in China, earthquake scientists still need to make arduous efforts. As long as earthquake scientists use the correct approach, and government supplies the necessary manpower and material resources to predict earthquakes, we believe that there will be a hope to achieve the aim of earthquake prediction with a relief effect. It is promising that we have achieved at least one or two earthquake forecasts.     

基于LO范数最小化的地球物理数据稀疏重构(英文)

在实际的地球物理数据采集工作中,会因为多方面的客观原因导致数据缺失,对缺失数据进行插值重构是地球物理数据处理和解释的基础问题。基于地球物理数据自身或在变换域内的稀疏性,将地球物理数据的重构转化为稀疏优化问题可提高数据重构的精确度与稳定性。本文建立了LO范数最小化的地球物理数据稀疏重构模型,针对不同规模、不同特征的地球物理数据引入了两种不同类型的LO范数最小优化问题的近似求解算法,即基于LO范数最小化的迭代再加权最小二乘算法与具有快速收敛性的快速迭代硬阈值法。理论分析与数值试验表明,将迭代再加权最小二乘算法应用到位场数据重构中可发挥其收敛速度快,计算时间短,精度高的优势,而快速迭代硬阈值法更适合处理地震数据,相对于传统的迭代硬阈值法计算效率有了很大的提高。     

一种2 m温度误差订正方法在复杂地形区数值预报中的应用

利用模式三维预报变量,结合地面要素预报产品,采用2 m温度三维插值方法进行地形订正,以确保预报与观测三维空间上的一致性,在地形订正基础上,利用历史月均预报误差作为参考误差,剔除模式系统性误差,获取具备日变化特征的预报产品。基于陕西地区复杂地形条件下的典型观测站点,利用2016年8月28日48 h预报个例进行对比分析发现,三维插值方法有效改善了地形差异引起的评估误导问题,但无法改进模式预报的日变化趋势,进一步采用系统性误差订正后,日变化特征明显改善,特别是前24 h预报效果体现出与实况良好的一致性及更佳的预报技巧。通过2016年夏季统计评估表明,误差订正后的2 m温度预报产品有效改善了周期性误差振荡,均方根误差稳定在2 K左右,显示出明显的改进优势。     

联合XBT和WOA13模型盐度信息的深水走航声速准确确定

在走航式海洋调查测量中通过投放XBT仪器来获取海水声速剖面,存在由于缺乏实测盐度信息导致的缺陷,其对深水海域的海水声速测量影响尤甚,并进一步影响到海洋水深测量精度。对国际WOA13模型进行了解析及适用性评估,提出了联合XBT和WOA13模型中盐度信息的深水走航声速准确确定方法。实例结果表明,该模型可有效弥补XBT无实测盐度支持及自身探测深度不足的固有缺陷。多个声剖站的全深度声速推算值与实测值间的互差仅有-0.2~0.35 m/s。     

悬浮物对褐牙鲆肌肉抗氧化酶活性及相关基因表达的影响

为探究褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼在悬浮物胁迫下的耐受机制,以两种规格褐牙鲆为实验材料,在悬浮物质量浓度为5 000,10 000mg/L胁迫下,研究了褐牙鲆肌肉中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活力及SOD2、GST、CAT的mRNA转录水平的变化情况。实验结果显示:T-SOD酶活力具有一定的变化趋势,B幼鱼T-SOD酶活力呈现先升高、再降低、再升高的趋势,SOD2基因相对表达量在第48小时达到峰值(P0.05),两种幼鱼T-SOD基因相对表达变化趋势在第72小时和第96小时相反;CAT酶活力呈现先升高、再降低的趋势,A幼鱼及5 000mg/L实验组B幼鱼CAT基因相对表达与CAT酶活力变化趋势一致;B幼鱼GST酶活力实验组低于对照组(P0.05),GST基因相对表达量在第24小时和第48小时实验组高于对照组(P0.05)、在第72小时和第96小时实验组与对照组无显著差异。研究结果表明:悬浮物对褐牙鲆抗氧化酶活力及相关基因的表达具有一定的影响;不同体长规格的褐牙鲆抗氧化酶活力及相关基因的表达存在差异;TSOD酶活力、GST酶活力与相关基因表达量变化趋势不一致,CAT酶活力与相关基因表达量变化趋势一致。本研究可为揭示褐牙鲆应对悬浮物胁迫的耐受机制及褐牙鲆耐悬浮物品种选育提供基础数据。     

多媒体教学利弊谈

本文论述了多媒体教学有利于培养学生形象思维能力 ,可以提高课堂效率和学生学习兴趣 ,减轻教师的工作量 ,但电子课件质量亟待提高 ,师生之间的交流也需进一步加强     

湖泊水质遥感研究进展

详述了湖泊遥感水质最新发展动态,如遥感水质模型的数学方法、与水质指标最敏感的波段以及TM、SPOT、MODIS、MERIS、AVHRR、CASI等传感器的适用情况,并分析了可能导致湖泊水质遥感模型误差的原因和解决办法。湖泊各项水质组分与光谱之间相互影响可认为是一种非常复杂的非线性关系,最适合用神经网络这样的黑箱模型来模拟。应当研究和选取敏感波段,用高光谱逐段分析与各种水质指标相关最密切的波段。湖泊水质遥感最终走向实用化必将其与水生态问题结合起来,作为一种监测手段,在水中藻类的时空分布、流域营养物质输送模型和湖泊水域水质模型等问题中得到广泛应用。我国学者使用超光谱数据源获得更为精确的监测成果还比较少,由于我国卫星可以用来进行水质遥感的波段比较宽,应当在新一代的资源环境卫星上加入更适合水质遥感的波段。     

地震预报专家系统ESEP3．0中的相关证据改正方法

在实际地震预报中，所出现的异常证据常常具有相关性。使用MYCIN不精确推理模型时，须注意的一个问题是当异常证据严重相关时，其结果偏离较大，这是由于它通常只适用于证据条件是相互独立的情况。为消除证据间的相关性，中提出了二种相关改正方法，在实际应用中取得了满意的结果。     

面向1∶1000000地形数据库的缩编方法研究与程序开发

目前国家启动了1∶1000000基础地理信息数据库动态更新项目,其中1∶1000000地形数据库主要是利用最新版的1∶250000地形数据进行缩编更新生产。本文主要依据1∶1000000地形数据库缩编更新相关的项目要求和技术指标,研究和制定对应的地形数据缩编方法。并在人机交互作业的前提下,利用ArcGIS桌面软件和ArcObjects组件,开发一系列缩编工具,将地图综合过程分解,合理地进行人机分工,交互式地完成地图缩编工作。