MGO软件在地下水污染抽出-处理方案优化中的应用

国内外用于地下水流和污染物运移的模拟软件很多,但用于地下水系统模拟优化的软件极少。在概略介绍一款模块化地下水模拟优化软件MGO基础上,利用该软件并选取遗传算法对美国犹他州某一地下水污染场地抽取-处理(pump and treat,PAT)系统的模拟优化模型进行求解,寻求最优动态抽水处理方案。结果表明:在优化后的动态管理策略下,管理期内PAT系统的总抽水量减小9.89%,使抽水成本和污染物处理成本相应减少,优化后的总成本较优化前减少11.27%。实例研究表明:MGO能够有效求解地下水PAT系统模拟-优化模型,可推广应用于大型场地条件下基于水力控制的地下水污染治理方案的优化实践。     

遥感区域地表植被二氧化碳通量的机理及其应用

提出了一个计算二氧化碳通量的遥感模型和根据遥感数据和辅助的微气象参 数估算区域分布的算法．在中国科学院禹城综合试验站利用光谱仪、红外测温仪、波文 比和涡度相关测试系统,在冬小麦生长期进行了连续的野外观测．二氧化碳通量和地 面模拟遥感数据２种信息流同时获取．从而建立了遥感模型,开展了与卫星的地面同步 观测．利用ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ数据和地面辅助数据,作出了华北地区白天的二氧化碳通 量区域分异影像图．根据此图地表植被二氧化碳的汇可以一目了然．     

长白山针阔混交林秋季净生态系统水气交换量

Water vapour and CO2 fluxes were measured by the eddy-covariance technique above a mixed needle and broad-leaved forest with affiliated meteorological measurements in Changbai Mountain as part of China‘s FLUX projects since late August in 2002. Net water vapour exchange and environmental control over the forest were examined from September 1 to October 31 in 2002. To quantify the seasonal dynamics, the transition period was separated into leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages according to the development of leaf area. The results showed that (a) seasonal variation of water vapour exchange was mainly controlled by net radiation (Rn) which could account for 78.5%, 63.4% and 56.6% for leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages, respectively, while other environmental factors‘ effects varied evidently; (b) magnitude of water vapour flux decreased remarkably during autumn and daily mean of water vapour exchange was 24.2 mg m^-2 s^-1 (100%), 14.8 mg m^-2 s^-1 (61.2%) and 10.3 mg m^-2 s^-1 (42.6%) for leafed, leaf falling and leafless stage, respectively; and (c) the budget of water vapour exchange during autumn was estimated to be 87.1 kg H2O m2, with a mean of 1427.2 g H2O d^-1 varying markedly from 3104.0 to 227.5 g H2O m^-2d^-1.     

比辐射率封闭法测定技术及误差分析

黑体筒封闭法测定比辐射率的方法大大简化了比辐射率的测量及计算过程;针对这种方法,分析了目标物体、环境的出射辐照度的波动对比辐射率精确测定的影响,讨论了不同辐射计滤光波段对计算的影响;并根据大量的实验给出冷热环境温差的优化值。最后给出了对比辐射率精确测定具有指导意义的３个结论。