Influence of the Interface Fresnel zone on the reflected P-wave amplitude modelling

The aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of accounting for the Fresnel volume and for the Interface Fresnel zone (IFZ) for calculating the amplitude of the P wave emanating from a point source and recorded at a receiver after its specular reflection on a smooth homogeneous interface between elastic media. For this purpose, by considering the problem of interest as a problem of diffraction by the IFZ, that is, the physically relevant part of the interface which actually affects the reflected wavefield, we have developed a method which combines the Angular Spectrum Approach (ASA) with the IFZ concept to get the 3-D analytical solution. The variation in the reflected P -wave amplitude evaluated with the ASA, as a function of the incidence angle, is compared with the plane wave (PW) reflection coefficient and with the exact solution provided by the 3-D code OASES, for one solid/solid configuration and two dominant frequencies of the source. For subcritical incidence angles the geometrical spreading compensation is mostly quite sufficient to reduce the point-source amplitudes to the PW amplitudes. On the contrary, for specific regions of incidence angles for which the geometrical spreading compensation is not sufficient anymore, that is, near the critical region and in the post-critical domain, the ASA combined with the IFZ concept yields better results than the PW theory whatever the dominant frequency of the source, which suggests that the additional application of the IFZ concept is necessary to obtain the reflected P -wave amplitude. Nevertheless, as the ASA combined with the IFZ has been used only for evaluating the contribution of the reflected wavefield at the receiver, its predictions fail when the interference between the reflected wave and the head wave becomes predominant.     

一种基于TIN的DEM表面C~1光滑插值模型

根据原始地形起伏变化的连续光滑性以及邻近数据点之间的相关性,研究了基于TIN的DEM表面光滑插值模型。首先,运用二元二次多项式曲面加权平均的办法,提出了一种基于TIN的具有C1光滑性的DEM表面插值模型;然后,利用数学曲面对模型的精度进行了评估,并对实际地形进行了插值表示。结果表明,提出的表面插值模型具有较好的精度和光滑效果。     

遥感图像可视化技术研究

图像处理可视化技术研究，有利于复杂的图像处理原理以图像或简要文字等易于理解的形式呈现给用户，文中采用面向对象式程序设计方法，使部分遥感图像类，各种功能模块的处理结果可视化手段进行表达。     

基于小波变换的分频最小光滑滤波去噪

在地震勘探中,随机噪音是一种频带较宽,严重影响有效波信噪比的干扰波。一般的去噪方法有:f-x、w-x、f-x奇异值分解等,但这些都只考虑横向上随机噪音的不相关性,而在一维方向上研究甚少。小波变换是一种时频分析的方法,根据它的分频和局部分析能力,结合一维方向上去噪的光滑滤波,就能有效地消除随机干扰,且保证了有效波的中、高频成份,经过小波包重构,可恢复有效波信号。该方法在去噪方面是十分有效的。     

光面爆破试验与应用

对光面爆破参数的设计，从理论和实践上，作了较全面的分析。并提出：在实际施工中采用近似理论计算与工程类比相结合的方法，可取得更高的技术经济效益。     

冻土光面爆破参数模型试验研究

以冻结砂土为原型进行冻土光面爆破参数的模型试验研究．结果表明,冻土中实施光面爆破是可行的;当炮孔直径３５～５０ｍｍ时,较为合理的光面爆破参数为：炮孔间距５００～７００ｍｍ,装药密集系数０．８～１．２;较为合理的光面爆破装药结构为径向空气间隙和轴向空气垫层不偶合装药．     

基于双边滤波的点云数据预处理方法

目前,三维激光扫描仪已经广泛应用于三维建模、变形分析等领域。其中,点云数据的平滑滤波是点云预处理的核心问题,制约着三维激光扫描仪的应用。本文通过对双边滤波原理进行分析,将其应用到点云数据的平滑滤波过程中。通过实验数据验证,双边滤波可以有效地降低点云数据的噪声水平,具有广泛的应用价值。     

Smoothing the source time function – a tool to soften inadequate modelling of the medium during inversion of local waveforms?

The inconsistency of records of local earthquakes and synthetic seismograms due to noise contamination of the data and/or to improper Green function because of an inexact structural model often results in high frequency oscillations of the source time function, which prolongs it spuriously. A priori limit on the roughness of the source time function turned out to reduce the spurious oscillations but it keeps its spurious extension unchanged. Thus, it may yield a severe distortion of the seismic moment. However, it reduces the spurious volumetric component of the mechanism resulting from improper modelling of the structure and, thus, may help decide whether the retrieved volumetric component is real or false. The demand for the smoothness is incorporated as a penalty function in the minimization of the least square residuals, which allows us to decide about the degree of the smoothness. The minimization is performed with a simple genetic algorithm, which offers the advantage of a detailed exploration of the model space reducing the danger of being trapped in local minima.     

三维重力梯度局部光滑约束反演

针对重力勘探中光滑反演存在的分辨率较低的问题,本文提出一种基于地质体埋深、地层倾向等一定先验信息的局部光滑约束三维反演算法,并提出了一种光滑反演中粗糙度矩阵的存储方式,该存储方式可以将M×N维粗糙度矩阵存储为M×2维,减少了计算机计算内存,且详细介绍了该存储方式下粗糙度矩阵与其他矩阵相乘时,粗糙度矩阵所存储的位置信息的读取方式以及与其他矩阵逐列逐步相乘最终得到计算结果的过程。最后,利用文中提出的算法对理论模型和实测数据进行反演试算,结果表明局部光滑反演算法相比于全局光滑反演结果更加准确,且该算法在一定噪声水平下依然稳定,在实际生产中有效可行。     

谱图重排的谱分解理论及其在储层探测中的应用

谱分解理论是把单道地震记录分解为连续的时频谱平面,是地震资料处理和解释的重要技术之一.由于谱分解方法的多解性,所以同一道地震记录因为分解方法不同,得到的时频谱是不一样的.短时傅里叶变换,小波变换,S变换和匹配追踪算法都是对信号开窗分析,这些方法都受到不确定性原理的限制.Wigner-Ville变换避开了不确定性原理的限制,但是交叉项的存在限制了本方法的使用.本文利用谱图重排的时频分析方法(RSPWV)对合成的单道地震记录和实际的地震资料进行了分析.与短时傅里叶变换和匹配追踪算法的比较得出:此方法具有较高的时频分辨率,能够很好地识别气层.