江苏东海预先导孔（CCSD-PPl）超高压岩石变质流体及其演化

中国大陆科学钻探工程预先导1孔(CCSD-PPH1)位于大别—苏鲁超高压变质带东段的江苏东海县,孔深为432 m,其岩心为一套变质表壳岩、花岗质片麻岩和镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩。它们经历了超高压变质作用和随后的角闪岩相退变质作用。这些岩石中存在四类流体包裹体:①中高盐度CaCl_2-NaCl-H_2O包裹体(Ⅰ型),宿主为榴辉岩中的石榴子石、绿辉石和蓝晶石石英岩中的蓝晶石,可能代表了峰期变质流体;②H2O-CO_2(±N_2)-NaCl±固体的包裹体(Ⅱ型),宿主为榴辉岩中的石英和蓝晶石石英岩中的蓝晶石,可能为超高压岩石折返和退变质期间带入岩石的流体;③中—低盐度水溶液包裹体(Ⅲ型),产于蓝晶石石英岩、榴辉岩和片麻岩中。蓝晶石石英岩中的包裹体是部分继承了俯冲阶段变沉积岩脱水-脱挥发分流体;榴辉岩和片麻岩中的中-低盐度水溶液包裹体主要是角闪岩相退变质期间或更晚期捕获的;④中-低密度的富CO_2包裹体(Ⅳ型),沿蓝晶石石英岩石英中的(切)穿颗粒裂隙分布。根据包裹体显微测温数据,从Ⅰ型包裹体的等容线得到的压力值大大低于根据矿物温压计获得的压力。这表明大多数Ⅰ型包裹体的组成和密度在捕获后均发生了不同程度改变。这些变化包括渗漏、部分爆裂和流体-岩石相互作用等。流体包裹体研究也表明本区超高压变质作用峰期流     

富铝泥质岩混合岩化深熔作用的热力学相平衡模拟研究

基于岩石相平衡，对富铝泥质岩K2O-Al2O3-SiO2一H2O(KASH)和K2O-FeO—MgO—A12O3-SiO2-H2O(KFMASH)体系的混合岩化深熔作用相关系进行了模拟计算，得到泥质岩深熔作用的成岩格子、熔体成分变化特征、熔体含水量及其温压条件、石榴石变斑晶成分演化趋势和泥质岩进变质、退变质矿物组合特征、各种压力条件下S型花岗质熔体特征等，并进一步将模拟结果应用于内蒙古固阳等地的泥质岩，根据相关岩石的矿物组合及结构特征，获得了变质反应历史和P—T轨迹。     

广西北海涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)全新世火山喷发及其地质意义

广西北海市涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)是我国面积最大的第四纪火山岩海岛,岛内分布的全新世(Q4)火山岩应是乞今中国东部最年轻的火山喷发产物。该时期火山活动形成的火山机构仍保存完好,它明显切割晚更新世湖光岩组(Q3h)地层;其喷发的火山岩不整合覆盖于晚更新世湖光岩组地层之上;在岩石学上具有独特的火山岩岩相特征和化学成分(高MgO,低SiO2)。由此进一步证实,涠洲岛地区于6900±100年的全新世的确存在一期较强烈的火山喷发活动。这种全新世的火山喷发应与南海盆地的打开事件存在一定的联系,其火山喷发时间有助于确定北部湾的形成时间,该火山喷发产物则可以用于证明南海盆地地幔热柱的活动并推测我国大陆东南缘的岩石圈内露出有软流圈的窗口。     

Microorganisms Linked to Neoproterozoic Microspar Carbonate Sedimentation in the Jilin-Liaoning Area

Molar-tooth carbonate refers to a sort of rock that has ptygmatical folded structure comparable to the ivory. This kind of carbonate exists in a special time range (from Middle to Neoproterozoic). Its origin and the possibility to use it in stratigraphic correlation of the paleocontinent is the key task of the IGCP447, a project on Proterozoic molar tooth carbonates and the evolution of the earth (2001-2005). The importance lies in that the molar-tooth structure is the key to solving problems related to Precambrian biological and global geochemical events. The molar-tooth structure is associated with microorganisms. Development and recession of such carbonates have relations with the evolution process of early lives and abrupt changes in sea carbonate geochemistry. In recent years, based on researches on petrology, geochemistry and Sr isotope of molar-tooth carbonate in the Jilin-Liaoning and Xuzhou-Huaiyang area, the authors hold that it can be used as a marker for stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary     

新疆和田玉岩石学特征及其扫描电镜研究

新疆和田玉产于塔里木盆地之南昆仑山的变质软玉矿床, 该矿床是由镁质大理岩与中酸性岩浆岩接触交代而形成。通过对和田玉的岩石矿物学研究表明和田玉主要由富钙富镁的透闪石矿物构成,其化学组分中Ｍｇ２＋ ／（Ｍｇ２＋ ＋ Ｆｅ２＋ ）比值均大于０．９。对和田玉岩石薄片镜下观察发现,和田玉是由透闪石微晶－隐晶质集合体构成,其颗粒越细小, 交织结构越致密,其质地就越细腻润泽。通过对和田玉的扫描电镜的观察分析, 探讨了和田玉高韧度主要与其特殊的交织结构所产生的粒间绞合力有关     

Geological and Geophysical Conditions for Potential Natural Gas Hydrate Resources in Southern South China Sea Waters

The water depth in Nansha(南沙) waters,which is located in the southern South China Sea,varies from 200 to 2 500 m,with a deep-water(>500 m) area of 500 000 km2.In this region,there are many depositional basins with various structural features,prone to the accumulation of organic material.The temperature and pressure conditions in the deep-water environment are suitable for the preservation of gas hydrate.At several sites,we have recognized bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs) from seismic data.Regional geology...     

Hydrocarbon Generation Evaluation of Permo-Carboniferous Source Rocks in Qinggu-2 Well in Dongpu Depression,China

The Dongpu (东濮) depression is a Mesozoic subsidence and Cenozoic fault basin developed within the North China craton. Since the deposition of Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock, the depression has undergone many tectonic disturbances and uplifts. The source rocks have undergone nonuniform uplift, deformation, deep burying, and magmatism, and those led to an interrupted or stepwise evolution of the hydrocarbon source rocks in Qinggu (庆古)-2 well. We have investigated the history of burying, heating, ...     

Geochemistry and Modes of Occurrence of Hazardous Trace Elements in the No. 11 Coal Seam, Antaibao Surface Mine, Shanxi Province

Concentrations of seventeen hazardous trace elements including As, Pb, Hg, Se, Cd, Cr, Co, Mo, Mn, Ni, U, V, Th, Be, Sb, Br and Zn in the No.ll coal seam, Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi Province were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis （INAA）, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry （ICP-AES）, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （CV-AAS） and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （GF-AAS）. Comparisons with average concentrations of trace elements in Chinese coal show that the concentrations of Hg and Cd in the No. 11 coal seam, Antaibao surface mine are much higher. They may be harmful to the environment in the process of utilization. The variations of the trace elements contents and pyritic suffur in vertical section indicated that： （a） the concentrations of As, Pb, Mn, and pyritic sulfur decrease from roof to floor; （b） the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Mo are higher in roof, floor and lower in coal seam; （c） the concentration of Br, Sb, and Hg are higher in coal seam and lower in roof and floor; （d） the concentrations of Mo, V, Th and AI vary consistently with the ash yield. Cluster analysis of trace elements, pyritic sulfur, ash yield and major elements, such as AI, Fe, P, Ca shows that： （a） pyritic sulfur, Fe, As, Mn, Ni, Be are closely associated and reflect the influence of pyrite; （b） Mo, Se, Pb, Cr, Th, Co, Ca and A! are related to clay mineral, which is the main source of ash; （c） U, Zn, V, Na, P maybe controlled by phosphate or halite; （d） Hg, Br, Sb and Cd may be mainly organic-associated elements which fall outside the three main groups. The concentration distribution characteristics of trace elements in coal seam and the cluster analysis of major and trace elements showed that the contents of trace elements in the No. 11 coal seam, Antaibao surface mine, are mainly controlled by detrital input and migration from roof and floor.     

西南岩溶区水资源安全与对策

特殊的环境地质结构,导致西南岩溶区水资源安全长期受到威胁,包括季节性的水资源短缺、频繁交替的洪灾与旱灾以及水污染。本文在分析西南岩溶区水资源安全影响因素的基础上,提出了西南岩溶区水资源安全评价的四个方面的内容水量安全评价、水质安全评价、水资源利用安全评价以及水灾害防治安全评价,并阐明了西南岩溶区水资源安全的主要保障措施,包括建立水资源安全预警系统、经济转型、保护性开发地下水源、优化水资源分配、加快生态环境建设等。     

康滇地轴冕宁杂岩的Sm-Nd同位素地质年代学初步研究

通过冕宁杂岩的稀土元素、微量元素及Sm—Nd同位素组成分析发现：杂岩核部二辉片麻岩微量元素以Th富集为特征，而典型的太古代灰色片麻岩则为Th亏损；分布于杂岩边部的英云闪长质片麻岩及花岗质片麻岩与灰色片麻岩宏观特征相似，且有Th，Nb亏损，但强不相容元素强烈富集，配分型式强烈右倾，也有别于太古代灰色片麻岩。两类岩石的Nd模式年龄均小于2000Ma，推测该杂岩的部分岩石原岩(二辉片麻岩及斜长角闪岩)形成时代可能为早元古代晚期，它们在晋宁期强烈的构造岩浆活动中发生角闪岩相变质。岩石的Nd模式年龄(2008Ma～766Ma)显示该区在元古代有较大规模的地壳增长，基底岩石的形成时代有别于扬子地台周边地区。