宜昌地质矿产研究所计算机图书管理系统

自建所以来,宜昌地质矿产研究所积累了数万册图书。目前还没有形成可综合利用的数据库,也没有一套计算机管理系统,致使图书的检索、查阅都很不方便,图书的编目、借阅、管理还停留在原始的手工劳动阶段。因此,建立宜昌地质矿产研究所图书数据库和图书计算机管理系统既是信息化时代发展的需要,也是宜昌地质矿产研究所管理自动化、科学化的需要。     

黑龙江东安金矿地质及地球化学特征

东安金矿是在黑龙江省发现的大型浅成低温热液型金矿床.该矿床产于下白垩统火山岩-潜火山岩环境中,受库尔滨断裂的次级断裂控制.近矿围岩硅化强烈、冰长石化、绿泥石化、绢云母化发育,流体包裹体研究表明,主要成矿过程发生在144℃～348℃之间,成矿深度为0.2～1.0km,成矿流体液相成分主要为K 、Cl-等,气相成分主要为H2O和CO2,按照现行的低温热液金-银矿床的分类原则,该矿床应属低硫化型.文章通过对东安金矿地质及地球化学特征的研究,对于确定矿床成因,进行成矿预测,有一定的借鉴意义.     

多域地电断面均匀电场边界元法正演

中间梯度法是野外常用的一种电阻率勘探方法,当其测量范围在供电电极的中间地段(即长度为AB/3)时,电场即可近似地看成是均匀的。如果地质断面是二维的,则可采用本文的方法做视电阻率异常的正演计算。本方法与国外已有的方法相比,具有模拟功能强和计算量小等优点,可以对二维复杂地形条件下存在多个地质体的情况进行模拟,特别是略去了对偏导数项((?)u/(?)n)的计算,从而大幅度节省了计算量。     

广西大气降水热液矿床稳定同位素特征及其找矿评价

广西大气降水热液矿床有泗顶、北山、老厂等铅锌矿；寺村等重晶石矿；益兰等汞矿；金牙、高龙等超微粒型金矿；金山等银矿。这类矿床稳定同位素主要特征是：成矿流体的氢同位素组成严格受地理位置制约，δＤ＿（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）值显示比较稳定；而蚀变岩石的δ￣（１８）Ｏ值低于未蚀变岩石的δ￣（１８）Ｏ值；在δ￣（１８）Ｄ＿（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）－δ￣（１８）Ｏ＿（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）关系图上，其投影点绝大部分位于大气降水线上或附近。碳同位素在空间上表现为从围岩→蚀变围岩→矿体，δ￣（１３）Ｃ值呈逐渐降低的趋势。硫同位素组成变化范围往往很大，既有正值、也有负值，甚至出现正大伍和负大伍。铅同位素组成变化也较大，￣（２０６）ｐｂ／￣（２０４）ｐｂ为１７．７３７－１９．９７９、￣（２０７）ｐｂ／￣（２０４）ｐｂ为１５．１３０－１６．１５１、￣（２０６）ｐｂ／￣（２０４）ｐｂ为３７．４６０－４０．１８７。寻找和评价这类矿床必须注意δ￣（１８）Ｏ和δ￣（３４）Ｓ值和分带性，特别是在成矿区中，当蚀变岩石δ￣（１８）Ｏ值（一般低于未蚀变岩石）愈降低，则暗示成矿作用愈强烈，其低δ￣（１８）Ｏ值的中心，将是成矿中心，这是寻找和评价这类矿床、尤其是隐伏矿床、矿体的有效标志     

基于矿物学方法评价浙江省土壤中Pb污染状况

利用土壤重金属元素环境质量矿物学评价方法,对淅江省全境土壤中不同土壤类型(或亚类)表层、不同母质表层和剖面中的Pb进行环境质量评价的结果表明,土壤中Pb的实测量和土壤对Pb的固持量决定了土壤中Pb的环境质量,浙江省土壤中Pb的污染度有正负值,说明土壤中的Pb对有些地区产生了污染,而对有些地区则没有产生污染.研究结果揭示,土壤矿物对Pb具有一定的固定与容纳能力,超过其固定与容纳能力,土壤中的Pb会对环境造成污染.这一旨在揭示土壤中重金属元素与各种矿物之间环境平衡关系的方法,可为评价土壤环境质量提供科学依据和技术支撑.     

1960-2015年中国绿洲胡杨生长季对全球变暖的时空响应及原因（英文）

Daily average temperature data from 48 meteorological stations in Chinese oases that are within the distribution area of Populus euphratica were analyzed to determine the spatiotemporal responses of this tree to climate change. Specifically, the start and end date as well as the number of days that comprised the growing season were analyzed with a multi-year trend line and using the Mann-Kendall mutation test, inverse distance weighted interpolation(IDW) in the software Arc GIS, a Morlet wavelet power spectrum, and correlation analysis. The results of this study show that, over the last 56 years, the start date of the P. euphratica growing season has advanced, while the end date has been postponed, and the number of days that comprise the growing season have gradually increased. The changing trend rates recovered in this analysis for these three time slices are –1.34 d/10 a, 1.33 d/10 a, and 2.66 d/10 a(α≥ 0.001), respectively. Data show that while spatial disparity is extremely significant, it is nevertheless the case that along a southwest-to-northeast transect of Chinese oases, the later the start date of the P. euphratica season, the sooner the end data and the shorter the growing season. Mutations points in start and end date, as well as for the growing season overall were observed in 2001, 1989, and 1996, respectively, and the data presented in this paper show that, in particular, the date of this end of this period is most sensitive to climate warming. Growing season cycles for P. euphratica are between 3.56 years and 7.14 years, consistent with the periodicity of El Ni?o events, while a start date cycle between 3.56 years and 4.28 years is consistent with atmospheric circulation cyclicity. The causal analysis presented in this paper shows that the Asian polar vortex area index(APVAI), the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau index(TPI), the westerly circulation index(WCI), and carbon dioxide emissions(CDE) are the main factors influencing spatiotemporal changes in the growth of P. euphratica, the effect of latitude during the growing season is more significant than altitude, and the start date of the growing season is more significantly influenced by these factors than end date. In addition, data show that the start date, end date, and length of the growing season are all significantly correlated with their average corresponding monthly temperature(corre-lation coefficients are –0.875, 0.770, and 0.897; α≥0.001). Thus, if the average temperature in March increases by 1℃, the start date of the growing season will advance by 2.21 days, while if the average temperature in October increases by the same margin then the seasonal end date will be delayed by 2.76 days. Similarly, if the average temperature between March and October increases by 1℃, the growing season will be extended by 7.78 days. The results of this study corroborate the fact that changes in the P. euphratica growing are sensitive to regional warming and are thus of considerable theoretical significance to our understanding of the responses of Chinese vegetation to climate change as well as to ecological restoration.     

含盐量对松嫩平原碳酸盐渍土抗剪强度的影响

松嫩平原分布着大量的碳酸盐渍土,其不良的工程性质给穿越其中的道路质量造成不同程度的影响。由于盐渍土所含易溶盐成分主要为碳酸氢钠,该研究通过向碳酸盐渍土内加入碳酸氢钠制备不同含盐量的盐渍土,进行室内直剪试验。试验表明：随着含盐量的增加土的粘聚力减小,内摩擦角有先减小后变大的趋势;随着含水量的增加,土的含盐量越高,土的粘聚力减小越明显。易溶盐在土中的状态形式是影响其抗剪强度参数变化的一个重要原因。     

长江经济带城市高铁枢纽接驳—集疏运绩效空间分异及机理

作为长江经济带综合立体交通走廊建设的关键环节,交通枢纽是推动长江经济带发展的基础保障。高铁枢纽承载着“时空压缩最后一公里”效应,是构筑高效便捷的现代化综合交通体系的关键。首先诠释了高铁枢纽“时空压缩最后一公里”效应原理,其次构建高铁枢纽接驳—集疏运绩效指标体系,进而对长江经济带37个城市高铁枢纽的接驳—集疏运绩效进行测度,并分析绩效空间分异特征,最后揭示高铁枢纽接驳—集疏运绩效的影响机理。结果显示：① 长江经济带高铁枢纽接驳—集疏运绩效等级分异呈“橄榄型”结构,即优质绩效和一般绩效的高铁站数量较少,良好绩效和中等绩效的高铁站数量较多;② 地带分异呈“东高西低、北高南低”格局,而城市群分异则呈“核心高、边缘低”格局,且9个评价指标值空间差异明显;③ GDP、城镇化率、城市等级、车站客流量和发送班车次数是影响高铁枢纽接驳—集疏运绩效的关键驱动因子;同时,优质、良好、中等和一般等不同等级绩效的关键驱动因子存在显著差异。     

莫高窟PM10浓度与气象要素的关系

采用2018年敦煌莫高窟第16窟窟内与窟区PM₁₀浓度及气象数据,分析PM₁₀时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）两处监测点PM₁₀浓度主要分布在50 μg·m^-3以下,受重污染天气影响较小;春、冬、秋、夏季依次降低,窟区PM₁₀浓度在春、冬季高于窟内,夏、秋季反之。（2）PM₁₀浓度3月最高,9月最低,5—9月窟内月均值高于窟区。PM₁₀污染日数窟内5月最多,而窟区3、5月较多。（3）PM₁₀浓度日变化曲线在春季和秋季呈“双峰”型,夏季和冬季呈“单峰”型。（4）在半封闭环境的洞窟内,沙尘暴发生前后,PM₁₀浓度达到极值及恢复至原来水平的时间均滞后于窟区。（5）在不同季节PM₁₀浓度与气温、风速和降水呈负相关。除秋季外,PM₁₀浓度与相对湿度、气压呈正相关。（6）窟区全年主风向为ESE,在冬春两季,此风向PM₁₀浓度最高,PM₁₀主要来自三危山前的戈壁滩、干涸的大泉河河道以及窟前裸露的地表积尘。     

任楼矿井72煤层断层构造分形特征研究

利用分形理论,对安徽皖北任搂煤矿72煤层断层分形特征进行了研究,计算了不同构造分区的维数。研究发现构造复杂性不同及断裂性质的不同其分形维数也有所不同,构造简单,断层分维数小,而构造复杂区,断层分为数相对较大;剪切断裂带具有较低的分维值,张扭性断裂带分维值较高。