多品种的金刚石钻头的发展

钻进工业的技术发展和竞争，促使从事钻探工作的厂商和技术人员致力于钻进工作的高质量、高效率、低成本的探讨和研究，使得近代的钻探设备日臻完善，推广应用多工艺的钻进方法。如：潜孔式、液动式、气动式冲击回转，双管和多管反循环钻进，无岩心钻进等工艺在钻进工业上取到了卓有成效的经济效益，其中作为钻进技术中的主要工艺金刚石钻进，发展得更为迅速，其技术水平向更高阶段迈进。当前高技术水平金刚石钻进工艺，主要包括：长行程钻机，绳索取心钻具，定向钻进及孔内测试仪器和其他配套技术的使用，尤其是含金刚石的超硬材料的出现和金刚石钻头     

岩石物理机械性质与人造金刚石孕镶钻头合理选用的试验研究

孕镶金刚石钻头是目前破碎岩石有效工具之一。在钻进中孕镶金刚石钻头的钻岩效果,存在很大差异,同类型钻头在不同的岩石中钻进,其平均时效或钻头寿命可以相差数十倍。因此,根据岩石特性合理选择和使用金刚石钻头,是达到优质、高效、低耗钻进的重要因素,对提高金刚石钻头的技术经济效果具有重要的现实意义。 作者在多参数模拟回转钻进试验台上,对花岗闪长斑岩、磁铁石英岩等三十余种岩石进     

孕镶金刚石钻头破岩机理及岩石分级

近十年来孕镶金刚石钻头在我国地质勘探钻进中所完成的工作量日益增长。在大部分坚硬、硬、中硬岩层中它已处于首要地位。鉴于这种情况，深入研究孕镶金刚石钻头破岩机理及岩石分级将有助于更好地改善钻头结构参数的设计，实现优化钻进，制定合理的生产定额。在大量收集和观测生产实践的基础上，我们使用与BCM—Ⅲ型微机相接的多参数回转实验台（图1），对上述课题进行了研究。该实验台可对扭矩、瞬时钻速、钻头唇部温度、轴压等9个参数自动检测与打印。     

美国克里斯坦森金刚石制品公司考察记

应美国克里斯坦森公司邀请,我们于今年7月2日至16日访问了该公司的研究中心及所属的矿山钻头工厂和石油钻头工厂.这次考察的主要任务是在克里斯坦森研究中心测试我院研制的电镀人造金刚石钻头.通过对电镀钻头的测试了解其测试设备仪器与测试方法以及其它有关金刚石钻头技术.下面将着重介绍美国克里斯坦森公司的有关金刚石钻头及其测试方面的内容.一、克里斯坦森公司简介美国克里斯坦森公司是世界上最大的金刚石钻具制造公司.他们研制的金刚石钻头和测斜工具代表着当代世界先进水平.     

陕西洛川黄土剖面中的稀土元素

The ∑REE in Ioesses of different ages in the Luochuan section shows a narrow range of variation, indicating the homogeneity of materials in chemical composition. The REE in loess are concentrated mainly in silt.sized detrital minerals. Loesses of different ages and paleosols all are relatively enriched in rare-earth elements of the Ce family, and show similar REE distribution patterns. The fractinnatlon among various REEs in the loess is different from that in morainic, marine and lacustrine sediments,but is similar to that in sand samples from deserts in Northwest China. The ratios of Ce/Ce^* and Eu/Eu^* reflect that the provenance of loessic materials and their accumulating area are all in an oxidation environment with weakly basic mediums under arid or sub-arid climate.     

RY—86型溶解氧采样器

一、前言在水质监测中,保证采集的样品具有代表性是水质监测重要环节之一,而样品的代表性则取决于采样技术和样品的保存。根据有关部门提出的课题,我们自1984年着手研制RY-86型溶解氧采样器,1986年9月通过由水电部水     

孕镶金刚石钻头钻进时温升过程和冷却参数研究

目前,在金刚石钻进过程中,正确选择钻进规程,提高钻头寿命,还存在很大潜力.据统计,吉林某队所使用的420个钻头中,非正常磨损的占60%;湖北地质局使用了700个钻头,非正常磨损的占40%;新疆地质六队使用的63个钻头中,非正常磨损占77.8%;河南二队1978年共使用了191个钻头,非正常磨损占22.5%.一般来说,非正常磨损中烧钻占12～13%,其它如     

我国海南岛热带土壤中元素的地球化学特征

我国海南岛属热带季雨林-砖红壤地带。主要地带性土壤为砖红壤,同时还有赤红壤、燥红壤、滨海盐土和水稻土等。在900公尺以上的山地,尚有山地黄壤的分布。 高温多雨的气候条件和强烈的生物地球化学作用,使该地区的自然地理过程终年进行,而且强度很大,形成深厚的红色风化壳。土壤形成过程也相当强烈。在成土过程中,     

电站附近水域泥沙淤积的示踪研究

近年来示踪技术作为研究水动力和泥沙冲淤规律的工具得到越来越广泛的应用。示踪技术比传统的水文观测方法方便、准确。传统研究方法往往只能进行定点或走航采样监测,而示踪技术则能准确判定某一区域泥沙或水流的具体运动过程和最终运动结果,甚至给出定量的结论,从而为数学模型参数的确定提供有效的依据。Pujol使用3H监测西班牙Ebro河的横向扩散速率[1],Albert在Ebo河用同样的方法研究水     

黄淮海平原耕地功能演变的时空特征及其驱动机制（英文）

Using counties as the basic analysis unit,this study established an evaluation index system for farmland function(FF) from economic,social,and ecological perspectives.The method combining entropy weighting and multiple correlation coefficient weighting was adopted to determine the weights,and the FF indices were calculated for each county.Subsequently,the spatio-temporal characteristics of farmland function evolution(FFE) were analyzed and the coupled relationships between the sub-functions were explored based on a coupling coordination model.At the same time,the dynamic mechanism of FFE was quantitatively analyzed using a spatial econometric regression analysis method.The following major conclusions were drawn:(1) The farmland economic function generally exhibited a declining trend during 1990–2010,and it is essential to point out that it was stronger in underdeveloped and agriculture-dominated counties,while it continuously weakened in developed areas.Farmland social function decreased in 60.29% of the counties,whereas some counties,which were mostly located in north of Zhengzhou and west of Dezhou and Cangzhou,Yantai,and Weihai,clearly increased.A dramatic decline in farmland ecological function occurred around Beijing,Tianjin,and Jinan.Areas located in the northern part of Henan Province and the central part of Shandong Province saw an increase in ecological function.(2) There was a significant spatial difference in the coupling degree and coordination degree of the sub-functions,and the decoupling phenomenon highlighted this.The changes in social function and ecological function lagged behind economic function in developed areas,but these were highly coupled in some underdeveloped areas.(3) FFE in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP) is resulted from the comprehensive effects of regional basic conditions and external driving factors.Furthermore,the transitions of population and industry under urbanization and industrialization played a decisive role in the evolution intensity and direction of farmland sub-systems,including the economy,society,and the ecology.According to the results mentioned above,promoting the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agricultureshould be regarded as an important engine driving sustainable development in the HHHP.Taking different regional characteristics of FFE into account,differentiated and diversified farmland use and management plans should be implemented from more developed urban areas to underdeveloped traditional agricultural areas.