中尺度涡条件下的深海声场效应研究

通过构建中尺度涡的数学模型,利用射线-简正波-抛物方程(RMPE)声学模型进行传播损失计算,进而分析在深海声道、深海会聚区、海底反射3种传播模式下,中尺度涡对深海声效应的影响。数值仿真结果显示,暖涡对深海声道、会聚区产生下压效果,使会聚区水平距离变大,深海声道深度方向上变宽;冷涡使会聚区上抬,距离变短,对声场散射现象明显。研究结果表明,涡旋环境条件下,声场特征会产生显著变化。试验结果揭示了中尺度涡对深海声场效应的影响,对指导海上运用中尺度涡现象开展的科学研究、工程实践、军事运用具有积极的指导意义。     

珠江口溶解有机物的遥感动态监测

河口有色溶解有机物（colored dissolved organic matter,CDOM）的分布是各种物理-生物地球化学过程共同作用的结果。为实现河口高动态变化CDOM的监测，遥感是一种重要的手段。由珠江口四个不同季节的航次获得的实测数据，本文构建了一个遥感算法以反演CDOM在400 nm的吸收系数（a_CDOM （400））。该算法使用以波段反射率比值R_rs （667）/R_rs （443）和R_rs （748）/R_rs （412）为自变量。将构建的算法应用于2002-2014年的MODIS/Aqua数据，本文计算了珠江口不同季节的a_CDOM （400）气候态分布。CDOM的分布主要受珠江径流量和区域水下地形特征的影响。沿着垂直于水深梯度的断面，气候态a_CDOM （400）呈指数减少（y=ae^bx,b<0），但不同季节差异很大。珠江口CDOM主要是河流淡水输运而来。其中，富里酸比例随盐度的增加而降低。基于构建的算法、CDOM保守混合方程和径流量，本文由MODIS/Aqua数据进一步估算了2002-2014年夏季和冬季珠江DOC的有效入海浓度和有效入海通量。珠江的有效入海浓度和有效入海通量都与流量存在正相关关系，且在夏季的相关性更明显，R2分别为0.698和0.9657。     

珠江口鸡啼门近海海洋对台风的响应

海洋对台风的响应对台风预报具有重要意义,但是由于动力结构比较复杂,近岸水体对台风的响应仍然不明确。基于珠江口海洋生态环境教育部野外科学观测研究站的1号浮标观测资料(2021年7~8月),分析了珠江口鸡啼门海域在台风“查帕卡”和“卢碧”期间海洋动力学和热力学响应特征。台风过境引起水体的纬向流速显著增强,“查帕卡”激发了强烈的顺时针近惯性振荡,“卢碧”则激发了接近惯性频率的逆时针海水运动。受当地浅水深的影响,近惯性能量在一个惯性周期(32 h)后快速耗散。两个台风引起的海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)降温幅度均大于2.2℃,这种降温受潜热通量影响较大;同时,台风过后晚上的SST均大于白天的SST,这也是受到潜热通量的影响。     

贵州瓮安县老虎洞磷矿涌水孔钻探施工技术

贵州瓮安县老虎洞磷矿ZK311钻孔,由于钻孔涌水量大,承压水压力大,导致绳索取心钻具内管压不下;地层掉块严重,磷矿易被冲刷,矿心采取率难保证,钻杆接头磨损快,钻杆折断事故多;经过对钻头改进以及施工工艺创新,克服了复杂地层给钻进造成的困难,圆满地完成该孔的施工任务,取得了良好的钻探和地质效果。介绍了该孔的钻探工艺和施工技术措施。     

中国分县生态承载力供需平衡空间格局分析(英文)

A balanced ecological carrying capacity and its understanding are important to achieve sustainable development for human kind.Here,the concept of ecological carrying capacity has been used for measuring the dependencies between human and nature.China’s ecological balance between supply and demand has become a global concern and is widely debated.In this study the ’Ecological Footprint’ method was used to analyze the supply-demand balance of China’s ecological carrying capacity.Firstly,the ecological supply and demand balance was calculated and evaluated,and secondly,the ecological carrying capacity index (ECCI) was derived for each county of China in 2007,and finally this paper systematically evaluated the ecological carrying capacity supply-demand balance of China.The results showed that ecological deficit appeared to be the main characteristic of ecological carrying capacity supply-demand balance in 2007 of China at county scale.In general,more than four-fifths of the Chinese population was concentrated in less than one-third of the land area and more than two-thirds of the land area was inhabited by less than one-fifth of the population.The spatial distribution of the ecological carrying capacity demand-supply was unbalanced ranging from significant overloading to affluence from southeastern to northwestern part of China.It appeared to be more dominant in regions located at coastal areas which are attracted by migrants and had a generally higher population density.Along with the rapid development and urbanization trends in China,ecological deficits in these regions will become more severe.     

中国水产养殖产业演化影响因素研究

水产养殖业在我国渔业产业结构中占据重要地位,在促进我国渔业经济发展中发挥着重要作用。当前渔业正处于由要素驱动向创新驱动转型的新旧动能转换时期,这也对水产养殖业的转型升级提出了更高要求。文章根据产业演化路径及其运行机理,从资源、技术、市场、制度4个方面构建指标体系,采用1998—2019年的指标数据,通过灰色关联分析和岭回归分析,探索影响产业演化的因素,探讨不同影响因素对水产养殖业演化发展的影响程度,以期为促进中国水产养殖产业的发展,增强水产养殖业的竞争力提供理论支撑。结果表明,城镇居民人均水产品消费量对中国水产养殖产业演化影响程度最大,GDP及单位面积产量的影响显著,水产技术推广经费支出影响最小。基于此,为促进我国水产养殖业的转型升级提出做好水产品消费需求引领与管理、拓展国内国际消费市场;增加科技投入,发展养殖技术;加大资源保护力度,推进绿色发展;着力解决养殖水产品质量安全问题等相应对策建议。     

基于遥感的海表紫外辐射强度反演方法

Ultraviolet(UV) radiation has a significant influence on marine biological processes and primary productivity;however, the existing ocean color satellite sensors seldom contain UV bands. A look-up table of wavelengthintegrated UV irradiance(280–400 nm) on the sea surface is established using the coupled ocean atmosphere radiative transfer(COART) model. On the basis of the look-up table, the distributions of the UV irradiance at middle and low latitudes are inversed by using the satellite-derived atmospheric products from the Aqua satellite,including aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm, ozone content, liquid water path, and the total precipitable water.The validation results show that the mean relative difference of the 10 d rolling averaged UV irradiance between the satellite retrieval and field observations is 8.20% at the time of satellite passing and 13.95% for the daily dose of UV. The monthly-averaged UV irradiance and daily dose of UV retrieved by satellite data show a good correlation with the in situ data, with mean relative differences of 6.87% and 8.43%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of satellite inputs is conducted. The liquid water path representing the condition of cloud has the highest effect on the retrieval of the UV irradiance, while ozone and aerosol have relatively lesser effect. The influence of the total precipitable water is not significant. On the basis of the satellite-derived UV irradiance on the sea surface, a preliminary simple estimation of ultraviolet radiation's effects on the global marine primary productivity is presented, and the results reveal that ultraviolet radiation has a non-negligible effect on the estimation of the marine primary productivity.     

基于卫星InSAR技术的地质灾害隐患点探测与形变分析

地质灾害的频繁发生直接或间接地给自然环境和社会带来了不可逆转的巨大危害,近年来我国也在不断加强地质灾害早期识别和防治的力度.合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）技术以其全天时、全天候、高精度、大范围监测的优势,成为一种重要的形变监测手段.本文以贵州省黔东南州地质灾害隐患排查为例,采用差分干涉测量（D-InSAR）和小基线集（SBAS）时序InSAR技术分别处理了ALOS-2/PALSAR-2和Sentinel-1雷达数据.选取具有代表性的4个隐患点区域重点讨论,结果展示了D-InSAR在大范围地表形变探测以及SBAS在高精度形变监测中的优势,同时表明两种方法在地质灾害隐患普查中可以互相补充,提升地灾隐患的识别能力.此外,获取的隐患点雷达视线方向累积形变序列和平均形变速率,可为贵州省地质灾害防灾减灾提供有价值的参考.     

江苏句容-黄桥地区有机包裹体形成期次和捕获温度、压力的PVTsim模拟计算

据流体包裹体显微镜观测和石油包裹体群的气体色谱和全烃色谱、色谱-质谱分析结果，句容和黄桥地区三叠系和下二叠系地层中的石油包裹体明显不同，句容地区三叠系灰岩储层中的石油包裹体的个体较大，在透光下为黄色一棕黄色，荧光显微镜下发亮黄色荧光，包裹体中气态烃的C1／C2-5，比值较低，液态烃中三环萜炕、五环三萜烷和规则甾烷系列的生物标志物化合物含量比较丰富，而句容和黄桥地区下二叠系石油包裹体比较细小，发黄色-黄绿色荧光，包裹体中气态烃的C1／C2-5。比值较高，液态烃中均难检测到甾萜烷系列的生物标志物。由流体包裹体均一温度等观测资料与捕获温度、捕获压力的PVTsim的模拟计算结果：句容地区三叠系储层的石油包裹体捕获温度Tr=107．9℃，捕获压力Pr=289bar，约相当于白垩纪晚期（90～83Ma）充注成藏。句容地区下二叠深灰色灰岩中分布的油包裹体的捕获温度Tr=123℃，捕获压力Pr=305．95bar，反映白垩系晚期还有一期温度比较高的含烃流体充注的现象。黄桥地区在含CO2气藏的下二叠系存在有交切关系的，黄色和黄绿色两种荧光性质不同的石油包裹体，前者模拟计算的捕获温度Tr=97．3℃，捕获压力Pr=184．75bar，后者模拟计算的捕获温度Tr=145．5℃，捕获压力Pr=220．05bar，分别相当于白垩纪晚期（95～90Ma）和白垩纪末期（65～60Ma）有合烃流体运聚现象。但是，由于在白垩纪末-第三纪的抬升作用阶段，油气大量散失，因此在喜山期大量无机CO2充注成藏时期，储层中已不合烃类流体。