AN ANALYSIS ON LARGE-SCALE AIR-SEA INTERACTIVE LINKAGES BETWEEN THE TROPICAL INDIAN OCEAN AND THE PACIFIC OCEAN DURING ENSO EVENTS

By utilizing a 3-D atmospheric circulation resolving method, the authors studied the air-sea interactive linkages between the tropical Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean in 1979-2008 El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Their findings showed that evident 3-D gear-coupling characteristics existed in the 1979-2008 ENSO events. Their resolving analyses also suggested that the general circulation showed stronger and wider sinking motions over the eastern Indian Ocean-western Pacific during the mature phase of 1979-2008 ENSO events, compared with the vertical velocities from the U.S. National Centers for Enviornmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data. With their 3-D analysis method, the vertical velocity was resolved by two components, i.e. zonal and meridional components. It was found that the zonal component of the vertical velocities showed a strong sinking motion while the meridional components showed an upward motion during the prevailing phases of the ENSO events. In the tropics, the zonal component of the vertical velocities was found greater than the meridional component, reflecting the dominant characteristics of the vertical velocity, and the overall outcomes showed a strong sinking motion, although the two components also partially offset each other in the processes. Compared with the vertical velocities from NCEP reanalysis, the vertical motions calculated with the 3-D resolving analysis method demonstrate some advantages.     

Predictability of the Atmosphere

This paper makes a review on the predictability of the atmosphere. The essential problems of predictability theory, i.e., how a deterministic system changes to an undeterministic system (chaos) and how is the opposite (order within chaos), are discussed. Some applications of predictability theory are given.     

副热带高压研究进展及展望

介绍了国家自然科学基金委员会九五重点项目"副热带高压形成和变异的机理"的研究成果.该项目的研究纠正了对副热带高压成因的若干传统认识,揭示了副热带高压脊线年际变化的新事实,发展了脊线这一东西风交界面的动力模型,建立了"全型涡度方程"、"热力适应"理论及"两级热力适应"模式,并通过模拟和资料诊断研究了各副热带高压单体的形成机制及其季节和年际变化,在西太平洋副热带高压变化的规律和机制的研究中得到了新的认识.     

长江三角洲汛期预报模式的研究及其初步应用

在短期自忆气候模式的基础上 ,着重考虑了区域性降水特点 ,组合均生函数时序模型 ,构造了区域降水预报模式。以降水预报为实例 ,计算表明 ,它能滚动制作月、季、年降水预报 ,尤其对汛期 (6～ 8月 )降水预报 ,具有相当好的预报能力。     

短期气候预测的现状 问题与出路(二)

从方法论上分析了短期气候预测的现状、问题与出路。着重指出：基础理论研究的欠缺又不甚得法是短期气候预测准确率提高缓慢的原因；应当将数值预报的提法从初值问题改为演变问题，进一步提为反问题；统计学方法与动力学方法要相互借鉴，取长补短，融合发展。     

THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL FORCING,DISSIPATION AND NONLINEARITY ON THE SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS

Based on the primitive equations of the atmosphere,we study the effects of external forcing.dissipation and nonlinearity on the solutions of stationary motion and non-stationary motion.Theresults show that the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the forced dissipative nonlinear system isessentially different from that of the adiabatic non-dissipative system,the adiabatic dissipativesystem,the diabatic non-dissipative system and the diabatic dissipative linear system,and that thejoint action of external forcing,dissipation and nonlinearity is the source of multiple equilibria.From this we can conclude that the important actions of diabatic heating and dissipation must beconsidered in the models of the long-term weather and the climate.     

北半球月平均环流异常演变的相似韵律现象

本文用严格的统计方法和较长时间序列的观测资料对北半球月平均环流相似性的演变做了比较全面细致的分析。结果表明:两个不同年份的月平均距平场在某个起始月相似后相似性随之变差,但过了约半年左右变得又相似。这就是所谓的长期天气异常演变过程中半年左右的相似韵律现象。     

预报模式识别的扰动方法

本文从数值天气预报模式并不完全准确描述实际大气过程的观点出发,提出利用观测的近期演变资料确定模式中的未知部份(模式识别),以改善预报结果.叙述了一种模式识别的扰动方法,用正压涡度方程模式作了模拟实验,证明方法是有效的.     

北半球中高纬月平均环流正压斜压动能的年变化特征

本文利用多年月平均资料计算了北半球中高纬月平均环流正压、斜压动能的年变化特征。结果表明无论正压、斜压动能都具有明显的年变化,而且两者的变化趋势也是一致的,但是正压动能要比斜压动能对总动能的贡献大得多。环流异常具有相当正压的垂直结构。有关结论可为长期数值预报模式的简化提供依据。     

数值模式的预报策略和方法研究进展

数值预报经历了半个多世纪的发展，已成为当前主要的客观预报工具。在模式和资料状况给定的情况下，预报效果的改善很大程度上依赖于所采用的预报策略和方法。为此，全面回顾了国内外基于数值模式的预报策略和方法研究进展，认为采取统计—动力相结合、从历史资料中提炼信息的预报策略是提高数值预报水平的可行之路。最后在总结前人工作基础上，着重介绍了动力相似预报策略和方法的相关研究，特别是实际预报中的试验情况。