珠江口柱状沉积物中磷的分布特征及其环境意义

对珠江口柱状沉积物中磷的形态、含量及垂向分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,总磷含量的变化范围为78.20—581.67mg·kg-1,平均为366.37mg·kg-1,垂直分布具有由底层向表层逐渐增加的趋势,峰值多出现在表层或表层以下约 10cm处。有机磷含量最大为234.62mg·kg-1,最小为25.23mg·kg-1,平均为109.43mg·kg-1,其垂直分布与总磷的变化趋势相似,峰值大多出现在表层 5—10cm 处。铁、铝结合态磷含量较高,变化范围为 11. 70—140.70mg·kg-1,平均为55.31mg·kg-1,垂直分布有随深度降低的趋势,但变化不太明显。总磷和有机磷以及铁、铝结合态磷的沉积过程有明显的同步效应,且总磷和有机磷的同步性比与铁、铝结合态磷的同步性更高。各柱样总磷和有机磷的沉积同步相关指数相近,而和铁、铝结合态磷相差很大,在一定程度上反映了各柱样接受的陆源污染情况不同。     

全球海草的中文命名

海草（seagrass）是地球上唯一一类可以完全生活在海水中的高等被子植物。全球已知海草的种类有70余种，隶属6科13属；中国现有海草22种，隶属4科10属。2014年11月"第十一次国际海草生物学研讨会"（The 11th International Seagrass Biology Workshop）在三亚召开时，国内海草研究专家共同探讨了中国海草的"藻"名更改，并进行了统一命名。然而，国内中文文章在引用非中国海草种类时，同一种海草的中文名称不一致，或者同一属不同的物种以一样的中文名出现，或者用属中文名后接拉丁文方式表达。同时，国外海草的中文名也多以"藻"来命名，容易引起混淆。因此，有必要在中国海草"藻"名更改的基础上，进一步规范全球其他海草的中文命名，以利于国内海草研究。     

海草凋落叶的溶解有机物的释放及其生物地球化学意义

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) represents a significant source of nutrients that supports the microbial-based food web in seagrass ecosystems. However, there is little information on how the various fractions of DOM from seagrass leaves contributed to the coastal biogeochemical cycles. To address this gap, we carried out a 30-day laboratory chamber experiment on tropical seagrasses Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. After 30 days of incubation, on average 22% carbon(C), 70% nitrogen(N) and 38% phosphorus(P) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter was released. The average leached dissolved organic carbon(DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter accounted for 55%, 95% and 65% of the total C, N and P lost, respectively. In the absence of microbes, about 75% of the total amount of DOC, monosaccharides(MCHO), DON and DOP were quickly released via leaching from both seagrass species in the first 9 days. Subsequently, little DOM was released during the remainder of the experiment. The leaching rates of DOC, DON and DOP were approximately 110, 40 and 0.70 μmol/(g·d). Leaching rates of DOM were attributed to the nonstructural carbohydrates and other labile organic matter within the seagrass leaf. Thalassia hemprichii leached more DOC, DOP and MCHO than E. acoroides. In contrast, E. acoroides leached higher concentrations of DON than T. hemprichii, with the overall leachate also having a higher DON: DOP ratio. These results indicate that there is an overall higher amount of DOM leachate from T. hemprichii than that of E. acoroides that is available to the seagrass ecosystem. According to the logarithmic model for DOM release and the in situ leaf litter production(the Xincun Bay, South China Sea), the seagrass leaf litter of these two seagrass species could release approximately 4×10~3 mol/d DOC, 1.4×10~3 mol/d DON and 25 mol/d DOP into the seawater. In addition to providing readily available nutrients for the microbial food web, the remaining particulate organic matter(POM)from the litter would also enter microbial remineralization processes. What is not remineralized from either DOM or POM fractions has potential to contribute to the permanent carbon stocks.     

A 2011 drought event affecting distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll in the Zhujiang River estuary

During the summer of 2011,a severe drought event occurred throughout the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Basin of South China.This decreased runoff into the river,resulting in increased salinity and reduced suspended substance.To examine the effects of this extreme drought on the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll,we compared two surveys from 2006 and 2011.Results show that dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration did not change from 2006 to 2011,whereas the proportions of NO 2 – and NH 4 + to DIN in 2011 increased.PO 4 3-concentration was lower in 2011 than in 2006,whereas there was no difference in SiO 3 2-concentration between these years.Correlation coeffi cients of salinity with levels of NO 3 –,NO 2 –,NH 4 +,PO 4 3-and SiO 3 2-in 2011 were all much higher than those in 2006,suggesting greater conservation of dissolved nutrients during the extreme drought event.Furthermore,calculated amounts of regenerated nitrate and phosphorus and their proportions to observed nutrients in 2011 were much lower than in 2006,indicating that nutrient regeneration decreased during the extreme drought period.Mean concentration of chlorophyll a(Chl-a)was considerably higher in 2011 than in 2006,and a harmful algal bloom of Cochlodinium geminatum was observed in the estuary,owing to water stagnancy and lower turbidity as a consequence of drought.Therefore,the extreme drought event in 2011 changed the composition ratio of nutrients,enhanced nutrient conservative behavior,and reduced nutrient regeneration.This affected some key ecological processes in the estuary.     

大亚湾典型养殖区表层沉积物环境特征研究

通过对大亚湾的大鹏澳海域的网箱养殖区表层沉积物的理化特征及大型底柄生物分布特征与贝类养殖区、对照区的对比研究,揭示了该养殖区表层沉积物环境的基本特征.结果表明,网箱养殖活动对表层沉积物化学性质的影响比较明显,主要表现为总氮、_口J交换态氮、可交换态氨氮、总磷、无机磷、有机磷、硫化物和有机碳的含量,以及无机磷占总磷的比例与可交换态氨氮占可交换态氮的比例大大提高.大型底栖生物分布特征表明,贝类养殖区的平均多样性指数为1.86,平均栖息密度为626.7 ind·m-2,均为最高,这主要是由于贝类养殖区有机质含量适中,低于网箱养殖区,高于对照区,适宜多毛类的繁殖与生长.     

地下道路工程施工测量精度控制方法的研究

结合城市地下交通工程施工的实际情况，从平面控制和施工放样两个方面对测量中产生的误差及提高精度的方法进行了分析和探讨，并通过实例论证了相关技术措施的可行性和实用性。     

Reynolds and Mass-Damping Effect on Prediction of the Peak Amplitude of A Freely Vibrating Cylinder

The Reynolds effect and mass-damping effect on the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder is studied by using forced oscillating data from Gopalkrishnan＇ s research in 1993, in which all experimental cases were carried out at a fixed Reynolds and the tested cylinder was recognized as a body that had no mass and damping. However, the Reynolds and roass-damping are the very important parameters for the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder. In the present study, a function F is introduced to connect the forced oscillation and free vibration. Firstly the peak amplitude AG^＊ can be obtained from the function F using forced oscillation data of Gopalkrishnan＇ s experimental at Re = 10^4, and then the Reynolds effect is taken into account in the function f（Re）, while the mass-damping effect is considered in the function K（ α ）, where a is the mass-damping ratio. So the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder can be predicted by the expression： A ^＊ = K（ α ）f（ Re ）AG^＊ . It is found that the peak transverse amplitudes predicted by the above equation agree very well with many recent experimental data under both high and low Reynolds conditions while roass-damping varies. Furthermore, it is seen that the Reynolds number does have a great effect on the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder. The present idea in this paper can be applied as an update in the empirical models that also use forced oscillation data to predict the vortex induced vibration （VIV） response of a long riser in the frequency domain.     

大亚湾海水污染扩散试验及涡动扩散系数的估计

水质数学模拟扩散系数大亚湾现场求取实验，采用示踪剂扩散实验法，示踪剂扩散实验的目的，在于了解水流运动的稀释扩散能力，根据示踪剂运动轨迹和浓度分布，求出水平纵向扩散系数和横向扩散系数，供水质数学模拟应用。     

沿海环境功能区划分方法探讨

讨论了沿海环境功能区划分的原则和综合标准，研究了这方面工作的具体实施方法，包括：自然和社会环境的调查，环境容量预测，沿海各环境功能区的确定和电脑化科学管理。     

大鹏澳浮游植物现存量和初级生产力及N∶P值对其生长的影响

2001年7月测定大鹏澳表层叶绿素a含量为2.61—19.87mg·m-3,初级生产力为404.08—1097.25mgC·(m2·d)-1,N∶P值远高于Redfield比值16。回归分析表明,该水域浮游植物的现存量或生长量并不受某个单一因子调控。在营养盐加富试验中,加入含有P系列的浮游植物增殖速度最快,揭示P是此时大鹏澳浮游植物的潜在限制因子。将大鹏澳浮游植物水样置于不同的N∶P值环境中进行实验,结果表明,浮游植物在N∶P值为30的梯度组中生物量最高,浮游植物生物多样性程度也最高,其次是N∶P值为16和8的梯度组。N∶P值为30的梯度组的浮游植物优势种的时间变化最稳定。