北半球冬季中高纬30～60天振荡动能源,汇的特征

利用ＥＣＭＷＦ／ＷＭＯ资料，计算了１９８５年１１月－１９８６年３月的大气低频动能、低频动能通量散度，详细讨论其冬季平均的水平分布特征，并揭示大气低频动能源和汇的水平传播特征。结果表明：大气低频动能的大值中心正好对应于持续性异常的活动中心，且主要位于大气环流遥相关型ＰＮＡ和ＥＵ波列路径附近，大气低频动的强源（汇）主要位于西风急流的出口（入口）区；在中高纬地区，大气低频动能源和汇主要呈现向西的纬向传播     

黑棘鲷的命名和分类地位探究

黑棘鲷Acanthopagrus schlegelii(Bleeker,1854)隶属鲈形目(Perciformes)、鲷科(Sparidae)、棘鲷属(Acanthopagrus),为暖温性底层鱼类,喜栖息于砂泥底质或多岩礁的浅海,分布于俄罗斯、中国、朝鲜半岛及日本沿海.黑棘鲷具有生长迅速、食性较杂、适应能力和抗病力...     

黄鳍棘鲷微卫星标记开发及其在鲷科鱼类中的跨物种扩增

采用基于高通量测序平台的SLAF-seq技术,开发出47个高多态性的黄鳍棘鲷(Acanthopagrus latus)微卫星标记,其中二碱基重复位点17个,三至六碱基重复位点30个。各位点的等位基因数为2～27(均值为10),观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0. 156～0. 938(均值为0. 682)和0. 177～0. 963(均值为0. 741),多态信息含量(PIC)为0. 166～0. 946(均值为0. 705)。经Bonferroni校正后,有43个位点符合哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE),其余4个位点偏离HWE。这些多态性微卫星标记为黄鳍棘鲷遗传资源研究提供新的有效分子标记。跨物种扩增结果显示,共有31个黄鳍棘鲷微卫星标记可在9种鲷科鱼类中成功扩增。其中17个标记在太平洋棘鲷(Acanthopagrus pacificus)、黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)和澳洲棘鲷(Acanthopagrus australis)中具有较好的通用性,这些标记可为棘鲷属(Acanthopagrus)的系统进化和种群遗传学分析提供新的标记来源;另有3个标记在二长棘梨齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)、真赤鲷(Pagrus major)、蓝点赤鲷(Pagrus caeruleostictus)及黄牙鲷(Dentex hypselosomus)中具有通用性。     

A new record of blue-spotted seabream Pagrus caeruleostictus from Chinese coastal waters documented from morphology and DNA barcoding

A new record of Pagrus caeruleostictus(Valenciennes,1830),collected from the Beibu Gulf,South China Sea in April 2013,was documented based on morphology and cytochrome oxidase I subunit(COI) gene barcoding analyses. It can be distinguished by a combination of the following characteristics: head scaled to above eyes; cheeks with 5 or 6 rows of scales; lateral line scales 51–52; 5 rows of scales above the lateral line; 4 and 6 cuspidate teeth in front of upper and lower jaws,respectively,followed by 2 rows of blunter teeth posteriorly; gill rakers on first arch 12 to 15; D XI–XII +9–11; A III +8–9; the first two dorsal spines very short,the third to fifth extended,filamentous in the young; the first pelvic ray filamentous; silvery pink with dark blue spots on back and sides; caudal fin pinkish; other fins bluish or pinkish; the blue spots generally disappear in large specimens. The present report of P. caeruleostictus suggests that its distribution in Chinese coastal waters may be attributed to human effort,since this species is unlikely to have expanded naturally from the eastern Atlantic to the South China Sea,with no other records from the Indian or Pacific Oceans. We recommend that a precautionary approach should be adopted for the management of P. caeruleostictus.     

钻井中首波的共振与衰减

本文从P波首波的严格割线积分出发,首次给出了揭示其共振与衰减特性的渐近展开式,通过数值计算,对这些公式进行了检验,证明它们与严格解符合的相当好.解析的和数值结果一致表明:首波具有共振特性,频谱是连续的;振幅随源距z按1/z规律衰减;各共振峰幅度随岩石泊松比v的增大按[v/（1-v）]²规律增大.时域计算表明,所谓“滤波效应”正是首波共振激发特性的反映,传播过程中不频散.     

套管井应力集中下正交偶极声测井的声弹理论、数值分析与实例

油田受异常地应力作用而损坏的油井绝大部分都是套管井，针对这一实际情况，通过求解套管井应力集中情况下各层介质中应力场的分布，应用摄动积分方法，将裸眼井声弹性方程发展为适用于套管井井孔体系的情况.数值考察了井外无限远单轴水平压应力作用下，声弹方程中各层介质敏感系数和速度-应力系数随频率的变化，及二相互垂直偏振的偶极弯曲波相速度的频散曲线.结果表明，套管井声弹方程中的速度-应力系数主要由地层参数决定，内层介质的贡献较小，其中与三阶弹性模量相对应的项又起决定作用；井孔周围应力集中将引起平行和垂直单轴压应力方向偏振的二弯曲波发生速度分裂，同时随频率的增大两条频散曲线产生交叉，说明这种交叉仍然可用作判断套管井情况下地层各向异性是本征的还是由异常应力诱导的判据，用正交偶极声波测井技术在套管井中无损检测异常地应力仍然可行；但低速地层交叉点将明显向高频区移动，这又是与裸眼井情况重要的不同之处.本文还给出现场实测数据的处理实例，理论结果得到验证.     

略论我国鲍与牙Ping工厂化养殖设施适应性技术改造要点

针对我国鲍与牙Ｐｉｎｇ工厂化养殖普遍存在的设施配套标准差、养殖容量低、生产成本高、病害日趋严重等问题，提出了工厂化养殖设施适应性技术改造的主要技术措施要点．     

Digestive enzyme activities in mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Chinese black sleeper Bostrichthys sinensis

The mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Chinese black sleeper Bostrichthys sinensis occupy the intertidal zone. However, both species have their own unique diet. The former is an herbivore and the latter is a carnivore. In order to reveal the relationship between digestive enzyme activities and diets in the two species, the activities of protease (P), non-specific bile salt-activated lipase (BAL) and α-amylase (A) were determined in the stomach and intestine of adult mudskipper B. pectinirostris and Chinese black sleeper B. sinensis. The results showed that the activities of protease, BAL and α-amylase in the intestine of B. pectinirostris were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the stomach. In B. sinensis, gastric protease activity was not different from the intestinal protease (P>0.05), while BAL and α-amylase activities of the intestine were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the stomach. The activity of gastric protease in B. sinensis was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in B. pectinirostris, while the activities of intestinal protease were not different between the two fish species (P>0.05). BAL activities of the stomach and intestine in B. sinensis were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in B. pectinirostris, while α-amylase activities of the stomach and intestine in B. pectinirostris were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in B. sinensis. The ratios of P/BAL, A/P and A/BAL of the digestive tract in B. pectinirostris were 1.5, 107.3 and 158.6, respectively; and those in B. sinensis were 0.2, 1.6 and 0.2, respectively. It can be concluded that food digestion in the adult B. pectinirostris is mainly carried out in the intestine, whereas in the adult B. sinensis it is initiated in the stomach and finishes in the intestine. The activities of BAL and α-amylase in B. pectinirostris and B. sinensis are well correlated with their diets. However, a clear-cut correlation between protease activity and diets is not found in these two species.