An Algorithm on Convective Weather Potential in the Early Rainy Season over the Pearl River Delta in China

This paper describes the procedure and methodology to formulate the convective weather potential （CWP） algorithm. The data used in the development of the algorithm are the radar echoes at 0.5° elevation from Guangzhou Doppler Radar Station, surface observations from automatic weather stations （AWS） and outputs of numeric weather prediction （NWP） models. The procedure to develop the CWP algorithm consists of two steps： （1） identification of thunderstorm cells in accordance with specified statistical criteria; and （2） development of the algorithm based on multiple linear regression. The thunderstorm cells were automatically identified by radar echoes with intensity greater than or equal to 50 dB（Z） and of an area over 64 square kilometers. These cells are generally related to severe convective weather occurrences such as thunderstorm wind gusts, hail and tornados. In the development of the CWP algorithm, both echo- and environment-based predictors are used. The predictand is the probability of a thunderstorm cell to generate severe convective weather events. The predictor-predictand relationship is established through a stepwise multiple linear regression approach. Verification with an independent dataset shows that the CWP algorithm is skillful in detecting thunderstorm-related severe convective weather occurrences in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region of South China. An example of a nowcasting case for a thunderstorm process is illustrated.     

定量诊断华南春旱的形成机理

华南地处气候年际变化很大的东亚季风区, 近年来秋冬春干旱灾害频繁, 尤其自20世纪90年代末以来的干旱灾害给华南工农业生产和人民日常生活造成严重的影响。华南地区春季降水多是偏南暖湿气流在华南抬升的结果, 为了全面而客观地查找华南春旱的主要成因, 本研究从建立在流体所有守恒定律的华南 (局地纬向平均) 经向环流数学模式入手, 在成功地模拟了导致华南春旱的华南地区(105°E～120°E纬向平均)经向环流后, 定量地诊断分析了各动力热力因子对该经向环流的贡献。结果表明, 激发华南地区下沉和30°N附近上升的距平经向环流的因子主要有: 反映位置偏北的锋面对流活动的潜热加热(由其激发的经向环流下沉支对华南地区总下沉运动贡献占56％)、反映西风带扰动的经向温度平流(占25％)和反映西风急流的纬向西风动量平流(占20％）。为了了解使锋面位置偏北的大气环流统计特征, 本研究还分析了华南春旱年(涝年)500 hPa位势高度距平(相对于1980～1999年平均)和华南春旱严重的1991年旱期(雨期)500 hPa位势高度场, 发现华南春旱(涝)时乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏强(弱）, 副热带高压偏西偏北 (偏东偏南）。对华南春旱严重的1991年乌拉尔山阻高与500 hPa位势高度距平场作相关分析发现, 西太平洋副高变化滞后乌拉尔山阻高变化2～6天。     

云迹风资料在热带气旋移向预报中的应用

利用云迹风并结合实测风,从涡度方程出发,对１９９８年南海和西太平洋的几个热带气候进行诊断计算。结果反映,涡度局地变率ｅ↓ζ／ｅｔ对热带气旋移动有指示意义,它既可批示热带气旋正常路径,在引导气流不明显的情况下,也能对气旋的转折路径有较明显的反映,气旋常朝涡度局地变率最在的方向移动。当热带气旋周围有数个ｅ↓ζ／ｅｔ中心时写和提交 矢量合成法确定了气旋的最大可能移动方向。此外,玷如引导气流一样,热带气旋