冬季北半球500hPa高度场变异的关键区

运用方差分析、相关分析、回归分析对1951～2001年500 hPa高度场资料进行分析,结果表明:冬季有三个区域(180°E～150°W,45～60°N;70～100°W,45～75°N;60～100°E,65～80°N)方差最大,是大气环流发生变异的关键区.各个关键区平均高度的变化和不同的大气环流遥相关型的相关关系不同,与同期500 hPa高度场之间的线性相关较密切,能代表同期500 hPa高度场约88%的变化,且在一定程度上能说明后期3～4月的500hPa大气环流的变化情况,对后期大气环流的演变具有一定的预报意义,但时间间隔越大,可预报性越差.     

非线性多元样条回归预报模型

针对异常复杂的非线性预报系统，提出非线性多元样条回归预报模型。该模型既保留了线性统计预报中多元分析，逐步筛选预报因子及显著性检验的理论和方法，又吸取了样条函数分段拟合，按需要裁剪以适应任意曲线连续变化的优点，具有处理复杂非线性预报系统的功能。试验结果表明，该模型具有良好的模拟和预报能力，值得进一步深入探讨和应用。     

THE IMPACT OF PRECEDING ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND SST VARIATION ON FLOOD SEASON RAINFALL IN YUNNAN

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and scale range of two significant areas were obtained by analyzing the relationship among summer rainfall in Yunnan province, height field and SST field (40°S – 40°N, 30 °E – 70°W) across the North Hemisphere at 200 hPa, 500 hPa and 850 hPa for Jan. to May and correlation, and field wave structure. Remote key regions among summer rainfall in Yunnan province, height field and SST field (40°S – 40°N, 30°E – 70°W) across the North Hemisphere at 200 hPa, 500 hPa and 850 hPa were studied through further analyzing of the circulation system and its climate / weather significance. The result shows that the forecast has dependable physical basis when height and SST fields were viewed as predictors and physical models of impacts on rainy season precipitation in Yunnan are preliminarily concluded.     

THE CCA BETWEEN 500 hPa GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT FIELDS OVER NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND RAINFALL OF CHINA IN MAY

~~THE CCA BETWEEN 500 hPa GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT FIELDS OVER NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND RAINFALL OF CHINA IN MAY@严华生$Department of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091 China @陈艳$Yunnan Meteorological Science Institute, Kunming 650034 China @郭世昌$Department of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091 China @王会军$Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100091 China~~ Project "973" (G1998040905)…     

EVOLUTION LAW OF DRYNESS AND WETNESS IN KUNMING IN RECENT 300 YEARS

Using indexes of dryness and wetness in historical record over the recent recent years and rainfall data over the tatest century, the work involves itself with the study of climatological evolution of dryness and wetness. periodic variations of climate and interannual laws of variation. The discussion also covers the subjects of effects of El Nino. sunspot, predictors of general circulation on climatic variation of dryness and wetness. There arc main conclusions as follows: (1) The main cyclic variations of climate are 40 and 11 years in Kunming. the former being subject to that of El Nino and the latter to that of sunspots. They are two principal factors for periodic variations of dryness and wetness in Kunming. (2) A close relationship exists between interannual variations and general circulation factors for Kunming. The comprehensive influence as imposed by ENSO and allocations of W.C.E. patterns of circulation in the westerly are ma.tor weather and climate causes for the interannual variations of precipitation in Kunming.     

SSTA SIGNAL CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN DURING RAINY SEASON IN CHINA

The teleconnection distribution characteristics of sea surface temperature (SST) over the India Ocean and the precipitation during rainy season in China were studied by using the methods of EOF and CCA. The results indicate that the change of SST field will affect the change of rain belt during rainy seasons in China, and greatly affect the precipitation in northwest and southwest China, the Yangzi and Yellow River downstream basins. Strong signal phenomena of SSTA over India Ocean were revealed that showed the anomalous distribution of drought and flood in China. It shows that the precipitation during rainy seasons in China may be forecast by analyzing SST distribution characteristics over the India Ocean.     

南半球海温异常对云南汛期降水异常的影响

采用NCEP/NCAR 1961—2006年的全球月平均海表温度和风场再分析资料,以及云南省汛期(6—8月)124个观测站的降水资料,运用相关分析、合成分析及两组样本平均值差异的显著性检验方法,研究前期1—5月南半球海表温度对云南汛期降水异常有影响的关键时期和关键海区,并用南半球海平面风场分析关键海区的海温异常对云南汛期降水异常影响的物理成因机制。结果表明,前期南半球海表温度与云南汛期降水相关显著,显著关键海区主要位于南半球西风漂流区的东南印度洋、澳大利亚南部、东太平洋的智利和秘鲁西海岸及西南大西洋的麦哲伦海峡。其中东太平洋秘鲁寒流区的智利和秘鲁西海岸是影响云南汛期降水最显著的关键区。诊断分析还表明,在东太平洋秘鲁寒流区的暖位相期,孟加拉湾地区的季风和赤道印度洋附近的越赤道气流及印度洋的西南季风减弱,反之则加强。      

预报方程时变参数的一种新递推方案

针对经典递推算法的平稳性和初值敏感性问题，根据描述运动变化的一般性原理，导出一种新的递推算法，并将其引入到气候预报中。理论和实践证明，该方案成功地解决了经典递推算法存在的平稳性和初值敏感性问题。初步的预报应用结果也表明，该方案具有明显的优越性。