多普勒速度模糊的切向消除技术

根据多普勒速度模糊在速度随方位角分布廓线（切向廓线）上的特征，提出了切向消除速度模糊的技术。其主要步骤是:1.通过消除切向廓线上的孤立点将切向廓线分为缺测段，模糊段和非模糊段；2.按速度切向分布的连续性逐段进行模糊判别和修正；3.以切向廓线的拟合简谐曲线为参照，消除廓线上的模糊点；4.在各距离段内按速度径向分布的连续性进行模糊判别和修正。文中还提出了用切向廓线的拟合简谐曲线的振幅与速度绝对值的平均值之比值的大小来检验速度模糊是否已被消除。     

中尺度系统的模拟Doppler图像

从数学上分析了Doppler速度（径向速度分量）和水平风场之间的基本关系，利用模拟的Doppler图像讨论了切变线、涡旋和低空急流等各种典型中尺度系统的Doppler速度图像的主要特征。所得结果在短时预报中可用于对实时观测到的Doppler图像作定性解释。     

A note on the dynamics of the quasi-stationary Kunming front

Summary The quasi-stationary Kunming front is oriented parallel to the north-south running major mountain chains of south-western China and normal to the upper-level westerlies. The front curves towards the east off the mountain. We hypothesize that the shape of the Kunming front is due to ageostrophic flow along the mountains which is induced by westerly flow in the cold air and at upper levels. Eventually the front must become stagnant. This conjecture is supported by numerical experiments with simple models.With 7 Figures     

从单Doppler速度场反演风矢量场的VAP方法

从单Doppler速度场反演风矢量场的VAP(Velocity Azimuth Processing)方法是在假定相邻方位角的风矢量相等的前提下,从单部Doppler雷达所测得的各个距离圈上的径向速度随方位角分布的廓线推算风向和风速的方法。这个假定可以保证反演所得的风矢量场中仍保留次天气尺度的风场信息。 对VAP方法反演公式的误差分析表明,反演出的风向误差为20—30度,与常规测风的误差相近。风速误差一般为10~0m/s,但在某些特定的情况下可达到与风速相同的量级(10~1m/s)。 用VAP方法反演风矢量场前必须首先消除原始Doppler速度资料中的脉动。它可以通过简单的一维线性平滑实现。 文中给出了一个反演实例,从中可以分析出次天气尺度的切变线和辐合线。常规天气图和UHF雷达的风廓线观测表明,这些次天气尺度系统是存在的。它们与反射率因子分布的配置还表明这些次天气尺度系统是和降水相联系的。     

KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF TYPHOON POLLY(No.9216)*

We partition the observed wind field into rotational and divergent wind fields to analyze the stream field of Typhoon Polly(No.9216),which landed on 31 August 1992 and caused severe weather and large damage in the eastern China.The results indicate that the preservation of typhoon intensity after landing and the heavy rainfall took place onthe northern periphery of typho on are due to the strong divergent winds on the regions of low level jet(LLJ) and high level jet(HLJ) around the typhoon.The direction of divergent winds in the LLJ is perpendicular to the observed wind.But,the direction of divergent winds around the HLJ axis is parallel to the observed winds.The stream function and the rotational wind corresponding to the horizontal vorticity display the vertical circulation associated with the heavy rain,which is stronger than the vertical circulation around the typhoon center.The three-dimensional trajectories exhibit the warm and moist air parcels of LLJ traveling northward into the heavy rainfall region and ascending,then turning eastward in the HLJ.     

大暴雨过程中与急流相关气块的三维运动分析

用４８ｈ三维轨迹分析和物理量诊断分析相结合的方法研究了１９９１年７月上旬的一次大暴雨过程及其与高低空急流的联系。结果表明，暴雨区高空的气块来自高空急流的入口区，并穿过急流中心到达急流的出口区。雨区上空的辐散和２００ｈＰａ高空急流出口区气块的减速运动相联系。低层的暖湿空气来自于ＳＳＷ气流，并在低空急流中心的前方辐合上升。高空辐散所引起的低层减压使低空急流加强和低层暖湿空气的加速运动。     

MESO-α-SCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS OVER CHINA DURING 1995*

There were 102 meso-α-scale convective systems(MαCSs)generated over China and the neighboring sea during June-August 1995.Those MαCSs were concentrated in three major areas:the west of South China,Sichuan Basin,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang and the Huanghe River Basin.Six cases of MαCS in different regions are given to show the variety of the MαCS genesis and development by the distributions of their cold-cloud-shield black body temperature.     

苏北盆地金湖凹陷古近系戴南组孔隙演化及次生孔隙成因分析

金湖凹陷戴南组储层总体为一套中低孔-中低渗碎屑储层,次生孔隙是本区最有效、最重要的孔隙类型,而搞清次生孔隙的分布规律及其成因成为下一步有利储层预测的关键。文中综合利用岩心、普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及物性参数等资料,对戴南组储层的岩石类型、物性特征、孔隙类型及次生孔隙分布规律进行了综合分析,并从溶蚀作用的发育条件入手探讨了次生孔隙的成因,以期为下一步有利储层预测和勘探开发提供科学依据。研究认为,金湖凹陷戴南组碎屑岩储层主要发育于三角洲、扇三角洲和滨浅湖,受沉积相带控制,储层类型复杂,以不等粒砂岩、含砾不等粒砂岩、细砂岩及粉砂岩为主,不同地区岩性存在差异。根据岩性三角图,砂岩类型以长石岩屑质石英砂岩为主。砂岩成分成熟度中等偏低,结构成熟度中等。戴南组砂岩孔隙度峰值分布在12.0%~14.0%,渗透率峰值分布在1~10 mD。不同沉积环境和地区储层物性也存在一定差异。三角洲前缘亚相的储层物性最好,平均孔隙度约19.4%,平均渗透率约134.2 mD,岩性以细砂岩为主,主要分布于研究区西部和中部。扇三角洲物性次之,平均孔隙度约12.5%,平均渗透率约6.2 mD,岩性以含砾不等粒砂岩为主,位于桐城断裂带东南部便1井附近。滨浅湖亚相的储层物性最差,岩性以粉砂岩为主,平均孔隙度约8.3%,平均渗透率约2.3 mD。戴南组储层孔隙分为原生孔隙和次生孔隙两大类,以次生粒间溶蚀孔隙为主。溶蚀孔隙包括粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和铸模孔。粒间溶孔多由粒间碳酸盐胶结物如方解石、白云石、铁方解石等溶蚀后形成,粒内溶孔主要是长石及碳酸盐岩屑被选择性溶解而形成,可见白云石晶粒溶解留下的铸模孔。戴南组储层中的原生孔隙相对较少,主要以石英次生加大后的残余粒间孔的形式存在,发育于埋藏较浅的井如新庄1井、关1-1井。戴南组储层孔隙经历了由原生到次生的演化过程。总体上,在浅于约1 100 m,储层主要处于早成岩A阶段,以原生孔隙为主。在1 100~1 500 m,储层处于早成岩B阶段,形成混合孔隙段。超过1 500 m,储层进入中成岩A阶段,原生孔隙消失殆尽,基本上以次生孔隙为主。戴南组储层存在3个次生孔隙发育带:第一次生孔隙发育带在1 200~1 600 m,分布于埋藏相对较浅-中等的井区;第二次生孔隙发育带分布在1 800~2 800 m;第三次生孔隙发育带在2 900~3 000 m左右。第一、二次生孔隙发育带次生孔隙的绝对值较大,说明溶蚀作用较强。戴南组储层次生孔隙发育与方解石、白云石胶结物的溶蚀及长石碎屑和碳酸盐岩岩屑的溶蚀有关。烃源岩成熟排烃是次生孔隙发育的主控因素;碳酸盐胶结物发育提供了次生孔隙发育的物质基础;长石的溶蚀对次生孔隙发育有一定的贡献;次生孔隙的形成与黏土矿物的相互转化有一定的关系;断裂活动进一步促使了次生孔隙的发育。     

Advanced prediction of tunnel boring machine performance based on big data

Predicting the performance of a tunneling boring machine is vitally important to avoid any possible accidents during tunneling boring.The prediction is not straightforward due to the uncertain geological conditions and the complex rock-machine interactions.Based on the big data obtained from the 72.1 km long tunnel in the Yin-Song Diversion Project in China,this study developed a machine learning model to predict the TBM performance in a real-time manner.The total thrust and the cutterhead torque during a stable period in a boring cycle was predicted in advance by using the machine-returned parameters in the rising period.A long short-term memory model was developed and its accuracy was evaluated.The results show that the variation in the total thrust and cutterhead torque with various geological conditions can be well reflected by the proposed model.This real-time predication shows superior performance than the classical theoretical model in which only a single value can be obtained based on the single measurement of the rock properties.To improve the accuracy of the model a filtering process was proposed.Results indicate that filtering the unnecessary parameters can enhance both the accuracy and the computational efficiency.Finally,the data deficiency was discussed by assuming a parameter was missing.It is found that the missing of a key parameter can significantly reduce the accuracy of the model,while the supplement of a parameter that highly-correlated with the missing one can improve the prediction.     

INVESTIGATION OF LAGGED CORRELATION BETWEEN THE TEMPERATURE OF CHINA AND THE GLOBAL OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION IN 1974-1985

1-12 month lagged correlations between winter temperatures at 22 stations in China and the global dis-tribution of the Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)are investigated.The basic results are:(1)Themonthly averaged temperatures of Dec.,Jan.and Feb.of China are correlated to the global distribution ofOLR of Oct.,Nov.and Dec.,respectively.It is consistent with the response period(about 50 days)of 500hPa geopotential height field in extratropical latitudes to the thermal forcing in tropical latitudes,and also consis-tent with the Walker cell of a 40-60 day oscillation.(2)There is a significant positive correlation betweenthe winter temperature of the most part of China and the OLR in the Gulf of Mexico.It shows that whenthe thermal forcing of the Gulf of Mexico is stronger,the excited barotropic instability of westerlies in northernAtlantic could influence the East Asian circulation and cause the temperature of China to be below normal.(3)The temperature around the Tibetan(Xizang)Plateau is negatively correlated to the OLR in western equa-torial Pacific,showing that when the Walker cell is stronger,the local Hadley cell in Southeast Asia isstronger and it causes the temperature around the Tibetan Plateau to be higher than normal.