多极组合声波测井用于酸化压裂

几年来,多极组合声波测井仪已广泛应用于中国各油田。我们开发了一套利用多极组合测井分析岩石力学特征的软件。该先进资料处理方法和软件已用于中国西北地区塔河油田指导油田酸化压裂设计和评价。文中列举了几个资料处理和应用的实际例子说明本文所介绍的方法和软件的正确有效及其优越性。     

多极子阵列声波测井资料在塔河油田酸压设计施工中的应用

由于塔河油田灰岩裂缝性储层非均质性强、横向连通性差，需要对其进行有效的酸化压裂改造以获得具有经济价值的油气产能.近几年来，多极子阵列声波测井仪（主要DSI和XMAC）已投入塔河油田测井现场服务，这些新的声波测井资料经合适的软件处理后可获的极为丰富的地层信息.本文讨论了我们编制的多极子阵列声波测井资料处理软件及其在塔河油田酸压设计施工中的应用.通过多极子阵列声波测井资料处理得到的岩石力学特性分析，确定了地层应力的大小和方向，计算出酸化压裂所需的压力以及压裂后压裂缝的高度.计算结果在实际施工中得到了很好验证.     

Adjoint Sensitivity Experiments of a Meso-β-scale Vortex in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

A relatively independent and small-scale heavy rainfall event occurred to the south of a slow eastwardmoving meso-α-scale vortex. The analysis shows that a meso-β-scale system is heavily responsible for the intense precipitation. An attempt to simulate it met with some failures. In view of its small scale, short lifetime and relatively sparse observations at the initial time, an adjoint model was used to examine the sensitivity of the meso-β-scale vortex simulation with respect to initial conditions. The adjoint sensitivity indicates how small perturbations of initial model variables anywhere in the model domain can influence the central vorticity of the vortex. The largest sensitivity for both the wind and temperature perturbation is located below 700 hPa, especially at the low level. The largest sensitivity for the water vapor perturbation is located below 500 hPa, especially at the middle and low levels. The horizontal adjoint sensitivity for all variables is mainly located toward the upper reaches of the Yangtze River with respect to the simulated meso-β-scale system in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces with strong locality. The sensitivity shows that warm cyclonic perturbations in the upper reaches can have a great effect on the development of the meso-β-scale vortex. Based on adjoint sensitivity, forward sensitivity experiments were conducted to identify factors influencing the development of the meso-β-scale vortex and to explore ways of improving the prediction. A realistic prediction was achieved by using adjoint sensitivity to modify the initial conditions and implanting a warm cyclone at the initial time in the upper reaches of the river with respect to the meso-β-scale vortex, as is commonly done in tropical cyclone prediction.     

区域数值天气实时预报系统的研制

主要介绍在自行研制的神箭SJ－100并行计算机机群上建立的实时区域数值天气预报系统。该系统通过国家气象卫星通信网络获取地面、高空气象探测资料和国家气象中心T106数值天气预报产品资料，并引入北半球海温格点场资料和当地地面观测资料；运用美国MM5模式，建立了三重套网格，最高水平分辨率为15km的业务预报模式，并于2001年1月开始投入业务化试用。试验表明：该系统具有较强的短期天气预报能力，尤其是降水预报准确率较高，近地面气温、风、相对湿度等要素预报质量好。所提供的预报产品客观、定时、定量、定点，预报产品丰富，且计算速度快，收到了满意的效果。     

Impacts of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> enrichment on growth and photosynthesis in freshwater and marine diatoms

The physiological responses of Nitzschia palea Kvtzing, a freshwater diatom, to elevated CO2 were investigated and compared with those of a marine diatom, Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann previously reported. Elevated CO2 concentration to 700 μl/L increased the dissolved inorganic carbon （D!C） and lowered the pH in the cultures of N. palea, thus enhancing the growth by 4%-20% during the whole growth period. High CO2-grown N. palea cells showed lower levels of dark respiration rates and higher Ik values. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic efficiencies decreased in N. palea with the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the bottom of cultures, although the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the surface cultures had few effects on these two photosynthetic parameters. N. palea cells were found to be capable of using HCO5 in addition to gaseous CO2, and the CO2 enrichment decreased their affinity for HCO5 and CO2. Although doubled CO2 level would enhance the biomass of N. patea and C. muelleri to different extents, compared with the marine diatom, it had a significant effect on the specific growth rates of N. palea. In addition, the responses of photosynthetic parameters of IV. palea to doubled CO2 concentration were almost opposite to those of C. muelleri.     

北美酸雨监测活动评述

1.引言近来,酸雨已被公认为重大的世界性环境问题之一。越来越多的科学研究指出酸雨对于环境的长期有害影响可能是很大的。这些影响包括:湖、河、地面水的酸性化,其结果损害了鱼和这些水栖生态系统的其它成员;土壤的酸性化和脱矿化;森林和农作物产量可能的变化;人造材料的变质和饮水系统的恶化等。这些影响既可以由累积性而引起,也可以由短期酸性高峰而引起,或由两者引起。     

地形对台风暴雨降水量的增幅作用

一、引言众所周知,地形和降水的形成、降水量的大小及时空分布有密切的关系。当一降水系统移经山区时,一般降水量会比在平原时有明显的增加,这种因地形而造成的降水变化称之谓地形的“增幅作用”。迄今为止,有关地形增幅作用的研究报导还为数不多。Sawyer(1952)在分析     

SZC15-4型多参数剖面仪设计

CTD是测量海水温度、电导率和压力的仪器,在海洋科学考察、海洋资源调查开发、海洋环境监测预报和海洋军事研究中应用广泛。SZC15-4型多参数CTD是国产SZC15系列CTD最新型号,用于测量海水的温度、电导率、深度和叶绿素浓度,适用于近岸海洋调查。文中介绍了SZC15-4型多参数CTD剖面仪的性能、工作原理、系统组成和工作流程。并通过海上试验,与SBE19CTD在相同环境条件、相同采样速率下作比测,通过对实验数据做相关运算得出SZC15-4型CTD与SBE19在温度、盐度相关性优于0.999 9,表明两种仪器具有很高的相关特性。