近30年来喜马拉雅山脉西段纳木那尼峰地区冰川变化的遥感监测研究

本文从1976,1990,1999的Landsat及2003年ASTER系列数字遥感影像上提取了喜马拉雅山脉西段纳木那尼峰地区的4期冰川空间分布数据,在Arc/Info中综合各期数据,建立研究区1976—2003年冰川变化图谱,定量分析了纳木那尼峰地区冰川的空间变化。图谱这种数据集成的方法明显优于直接将各期影像分类结果进行比较的传统研究方法。研究结果表明,纳木那尼峰地区的冰川以广泛退缩为主,但北部也有少量前进冰川存在。自1976年到2003年,冰川面积从84.41km2减少到77.29km2,各时段分别以平均0.17km/a,0.19km/a和0.77km/a的速度在退缩,冰川退缩明显加速。冰川退缩面积占研究区总面积的8.4%,明显比高亚洲冰川平均退缩比例（7%）大,表明西喜马拉雅山脉的冰川退缩比较严重。     

URBANIZATION EFFECTS ON OBSERVED CHANGES IN SUMMER EXTREME HEAT EVENTS OVER ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, EAST CHINA

Although the urban heat island (UHI) is a well-documented phenomenon, relatively little information in the literature is available about its impact on summer extreme heat event (EHE). As UHI is characterized by increased temperature, it can potentially increase the magnitude and duration of EHEs within cities. Based on daily maximum temperature records from 62 observation stations in Zhejiang province from the period 1971-2011 and satellite-measured nighttime light imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) during 1992-2010, we analyzed the long-term change of summer EHEs and its association with the rapid urbanization process. The results could be concluded as follows: (1) Zhejiang has experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic growth in urban areas in the past two decades, especially after 2000. (2) The summer mean maximum temperature and the 95th percentile of summer daily maximum temperature in most of its stations have increased, with the most significant increase occurring in the highly urbanized areas including the city belt around Hangzhou Bay, Taizhou–Wenzhou and Jinghua–Yiwu city belts. (3) The hot days and hot-day degrees, defined by both daily 95th percentile and the threshold of 35℃, show that the UHI effect causes additional hot days and heat stress in urban stations compared to rural stations. The results in this study suggest that the UHI effect should be determined and incorporated in preparing high temperature forecasts in cities.     

Response of Glacier and Lake Covariations to Climate Change in Mapam Yumco Basin on Tibetan Plateau during 1974–2003

The study of spatial and temporal covariances of glaciers and lakes would help us to understand the impact of climate change within a basin in Tibet. This study focuses on glacier and lake variations in the Mapam Yumco(玛旁雍错)Basin (covering 7 786.44 km2)by Integrationg series of spatial data from topographic maps and digital satellite images at four different times 1974, 1990, 1999,and 2003. The results indicate that (1) decreased lakes, retreated glaciers, enlarged lakes and advanced glaciers co-exist in the basin during the last 30 years; (2) glacier recession was accelerated in recent years due to the warmer climate; (3) lake areas in the basin are both reduced and enlarged by an accelerated speed with more water supplies from speeding melt glaciers or frozen ground in the last three decades.     

An evaluation of RegCM3_CERES for regional climate modeling in China

A 20-year simulation of regional climate over East Asia by the regional climate model RegCM3_CERES (Regional Climate Model version 3 coupled with the Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis) was carried out and compared with observations and the original RegCM3 model to comprehensively evaluate its performance in simulating the regional climate over continental China. The results showed that RegCM3_CERES reproduced the regional climate at a resolution of 60 km over China by using ERA40 data as the boundary conditions, albeit with some limitations. The model captured the basic characteristics of the East Asian circulation, the spatial distribution of mean precipitation and temperature, and the daily characteristics of precipitation and temperature. However, it underestimated both the intensity of the monsoon in the monsoonal area and precipitation in southern China, overestimated precipitation in northern China, and produced a systematic cold temperature bias over most of continental China. Despite these limitations, it was concluded that the RegCM3_CERES model is able to simulate the regional climate over continental China reasonably well.     

变权和相对差异函数在盐穴储气库腔体稳定性评价中的应用

盐岩地下储气库腔体以钻井水溶方式开采,溶腔形态可见性差、形态发展可控性难度高,针对畸形溶腔进行科学的稳定性评价是保证其安全运营的重要手段。将变权和相对差异函数理论引入到盐岩溶腔的安全评价中,建立适用于盐穴储气库畸形单腔的稳定性评价模型,首次以溶腔声纳测腔数据为基础,建立三维真实仿真模型并进行数值模拟,将数值模拟结果作为评价指标的评分依据,最后应用该方法对金坛储气库某腔体进行稳定性评价,并针对评价结果提出安全改善措施。研究结果表明,用变权方法对评价指标权重进行处理后得到的结果更加合理,通过将该方法与其他安全评价方法计算结果进行对比,证明了该模型在盐岩储气库畸形溶腔的稳定性评价中具有较好的适用性。     

湖南铲子坪金矿床地质特征及找矿标志

铲子坪金矿位于雪峰弧形构造带中段,是湖南省发现最早的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床。通过对金矿床地质特征的综合分析,总结出该矿床的找矿标志,对该区进一步找矿预测有指导意义。     

光学类课程群的建设现状分析与思考

基于CDIO工程教育理念,从教学内容体系的设置、教学理念、师生在教学中的作用和地位、教学手段、教材和教辅资料建设以及课程考核模式等方面对光学类课程群的建设现状进行了分析,并提出了一些改进措施.     

福建生态省建设之生态农业建设体系总体战略构想

本文在阐述生态农业体系在生态省建设中的作用、意义和指导思想后,系统地阐述了福建省生态农业建设的"四大"生态农业体系和近期实施的"十大"重点建设工程.其中,"四大"生态农业体系具有全面性,"十大"重点建设工程关注可操作性.最后提出了生态农业建设的展望与实现目标所需的保障措施.     

WRF模式对浙江2011年夏季降水和温度预报评估及其湿过程敏感性分析

检验评估是数值天气预报的一个重要组成部分,评估结果是模式改进及其产品解释应用的重要依据。利用全省1500多个包括区域自动站在内的站点观测资料,采用要素的空间分布、时间演变和统计检验3种方法评价了WRF模式对浙江省2011年夏季（6—8月）降水和温度的整体预报性能;在此基础上,进一步对比分析了不同湿过程参数化方案对梅雨典型过程的预报效果,探讨了不同微物理参数化方案和积云参数化方案对模式预报降水的影响。结果表明,WRF模式能基本预报出降水和气温的细致空间分布形态及整体演变趋势,对于主要降水落区、高温区具有较好的指示性;就浙江省区域平均而言,在实况出现较大降水期间模式预报误差较小,而在实况出现小到中雨期间误差较大,主要表现为降水量的高估和气温的低估;模式湿过程中积云参数化方案对降水影响明显,它可以导致整体雨带偏移,采用Betts-Miller-Janjic积云对流参数化方案的预报降水更接近实况。这些信息对改进模式的精细化预报能力和高分辨率数值产品的解释应用具有一定的参考作用。