THE NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON APPLICATING GEOSTROPHIC MOMENTUM APPROXIMATION TO THE BAROCLINIC AND NON-NEUTRAL PBL

In this paper, Wu and Blumen's boundary layer geostrophic momentum approximation model (Wu and Blu-men, 1982) is applied to baroclinic and non-neutral PBL, the motion equations for the PBL under the geostrophic momentum approximation are solved, in which the eddy transfer coefficient is a function of the distributions of the wind and temperature. The results are compared with those in barotropic and neutral conditions with the geostrophic momentum approximation. It is found that in the baroclinic condition, the wind distribution has both the characteristics of a steady, homogeneous and baroclinic PBL and those caused by the geostrophic momentum approximation. Those in non-neutral conditions show that they retain the intrinsic characteristics for the wind in non-neutral PBL, at the same time, the effects of the large-scale advection and local variation are also included. We can predict the wind in the non-neutral and baroclinic PBL by use of the geostrophic momentum approximation when the temporal and sp     

The Effect of Topography on Quasi-Geostrophic Frontogenesis

This paper improves Bannon's work on the quasi-geostrophic frontogenesis in a horizontal deformation field. By setting the lower boundary condition for the equation of potential temperature on the realistic topography instead of on z = 0, a general solution for the temperature field is derived after applying conformal mapping to the equation for the potential temperature, the vertical velocity and divergence field are also calculated. The general characteristics for the frontogenetic process still are frontolytic for warm front and frontogenetic for cold front in downstream of a mountain and the reverse is true upstream of a mountain, but more fine spatial structure of the temperature field and frontogenetic characteristics than Bannon's are obtained near surface because of the treatment of lower boundary condition. It is concluded that the frontogenetic characteristics are related to the translating speed of the deformation field with respect to the topography.     

“结合法”表示的下垫温非均匀对夏季风气候影响的数值试验

用能较好表示陆面非均匀性且计算高效省时的"结合法"(马赛克法及统计-动力法解析表达型两者的结合),在区域气候模式RegCM2中BATSle方案内考虑下垫面附近各种温度、各种湿度的非均匀性,选用1991年夏季梅雨期实测资料,进行了模拟试验.与Giorgi针对暖季温度非均匀的单点独立试验结论不同,应用较线性概率密度函数(PDF)计算效率更高的余弦函数型PDF,发现总体上大气对陆面温度非均匀的响应是敏感的;与Giorgi结论类似,气候场对陆面湿度非均匀更为敏感,且其变化较有规律.可见,对夏季风气候的模拟能力可通过适当的温湿非均匀表示来提高.此外,其他结果也显示出单点独立试验的局限性,要反映陆气相互作用,耦合模式试验非常必要.     

中尺度模式中辐射作用的敏感性试验

在中尺度区域气候模式RIEMS中通过考虑和不考虑辐射对大气温度变化的影响来研究中尺度气象过程对辐射的敏感性。结果表明,在月尺度上,辐射可以引起平均约2℃的温度差,从而影响气压形势场和中尺度气象过程,进而影响降水。但在日尺度上,辐射的作用可以不计。     

p－σ混合坐标原始方程模式的改进和试验

在五层ｐ－σ混合坐标原始方程模式的基础上，改进成了一个九层ｐ－σ混合坐标原始方程模式。模式为１７×３９个格点，分辨率为５°×５°，其物理过程与五层模式相同。该模式性能稳定，用该模式对１９９４年冬的一次寒潮过程进行了模拟，温压场的主要特征符合实况。由于该模式的垂直分辨率高于五层模式，所以模拟结果优于后者，试验表明模式可应用于业务预报。     

中国西北地区荒漠绿洲大气内边界层的数值模拟

本文用二维中尺度土壤－植被－大气连续体数值模拟了黑河地区绿洲和周围荒漠袒上垫面物理特征差异引起的内边界层结构。得到了绿洲上游荒漠至绿洲和从绿洲至其下游荒漠两重下垫在突变过程大气运动所产生的风速内边界层，温度内边界层和湿度内边界层的空间和时间特征及其这两种情况边界层的结构差异。     

一个诊断非平坦地形上边界层风的数值模式

根据半地转大气边界层模式，由大尺度数值模式并考虑了下垫面地形及粗糙度的水平非均匀性及大尺度气压场的时空变化，给出了一个诊断边界层风的数值模式。对低纬度运用塔层风模式进行诊断。诊断结果与实测资料比较，风向风速均达到了一定的精确度。     

自由对流与稳定层结边界层风廓线的解析表达和边界层顶抽吸速度

基于近年来对自由对流和稳定边界层湍流交换特征的研究,求解边界层运动方程,得到这两种层结下边界层风的解析表达式.所得廓线与边界层特性参数符合观测特征.还求出了这二种层结下边界层顶抽吸速度的解析表达及其与某些参数的关系.结果表明,抽吸速度与层结有关,其特征可从物理上加以解释.     

A DYNAMICAL STUDY OF THE FLOW FIELD IN THE PBL OVER LARGE-SCALE TOPOGRAPHY

In this paper, the eddy coefficient and the treatment for dividing layers of Estoque's numerical model in modernPBL dynamics have been applied to derive order-zero and order-one analytic solutions over large-scale topography,the solutions are used to obtain the divergence and vertical velocity, improving the previous results.     

一个水文模型与区域气候模式耦合的数值模拟研究

在陆面过程方案中考虑精细的水模型有助于改善对区域水及气候的模拟。建立了一个考虑降水及入诊空间非均匀性的水模型，并将其并入陆面过程方案BATS中。通过区域气候模式耦合模拟试验，得到如下主要结论：陆面水的模拟对降水及入渗空间非均匀性的考虑非常敏感；考虑入渗非均匀性后，提高了径流系数，这与湿润地区水分平衡的观测结果更一致；入渗非均匀参数化方案的引入对区域水及气候模拟的影响比降水非均匀参数化方案的引入要大；不透水面积在区域中的考虑所揭示的特征与我国北方干旱化趋势是一致的。