不同单轴加压方式下岩石声发射的时间过程与频率特征

本文利用两个频率通道同时接收花岗岩标本及石灰岩标本在不同单轴加压方式下的声发射信号,研究了从加压到破坏的整个形变过程中,不同频道接收到的声发射率的变化特征.发现在各种加压方式下,花岗岩和石灰岩在破坏前,由不同频率通道接收到的声发射率均急剧增长;而在破坏的瞬间,高频通道接收的声发射率增长快于较低频率通道的声发射率.这两点可用来预测岩石的破坏.声发射率随轴向应力的变化与加压方式有关.匀速加压,加压过程中保持一段时间恒压或降压均对应一定的声发射率状态.有可能通过追踪声发射情况,推测应力变化趋势.      

西太平洋俯冲带的研究及其动力学意义

讨论了西太平洋俯冲带的分布及特征、西太平洋Ｗａｄａｔｉ－Ｂｅｎｉｏｆｆ带的形态及俯冲带上的应力状态及太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块之间的相互作用；总结了地震层析成像结果；计算了俯冲板块在地幔中引起的Ｐ波速度异常，提出了俯冲板块与６６０ｋｍ间断面相互作用的４种可能；研究了俯冲板块物理性质的变化、俯冲板块产生的负浮力及其影响因素；提出需要开展俯冲带对东亚大陆构造运动和演化的影响、俯冲带相互关系及演化的研究．     

日本海及中国东北地震的深度分布及其应力状态

本文分析了日本海及中国东北的地震深度分布。证实了日本本州北部至中国东北的贝尼奥夫带(Benioff)基本是连续的,该带的倾向约为北85°西,倾角约为29°,深度在150公里以下贝尼奥夫带厚度约为20公里。研究了日本本州北部至中国东北的震级M_b≥5.0地震的震源机制解,发现中国东北地壳应力场与日本海地壳的应力场方向一致,来源于太平洋板块的挤压。在俯冲带上,深度在100公里到200公里之间的情况较为复杂,大多数地震显示的主压应力方向与贝尼奥夫带的倾向、倾角一致,有的T轴取向与贝尼奥夫带的倾向、倾角一致,有的特征方向与贝尼奥夫带倾向、倾角均不一致。深度在200公里至500公里之间,主压应力方向近于水平,并与贝尼奥夫带走向垂直,张应力轴相对集中。深度大于500公里时,主压应力方向与贝尼奥夫带的倾向、倾角一致,张应力轴相对集中     

地幔粘度结构的研究

地幔的流变性质已成为认识地球内部结构及动力学过程的核心问题之一。本文总结了近年来地幔粘度结构研究的方法,其中包括利用地球物理观测资料进行反演计算和实验室试验研究,重点讨论了利用冰期后回跳,板块运动速度和大地水准面异常资料反演地幔粘度结构２的方法和结果以及地幔矿物的实验结果,并对不同方法进行了比较总结。最后简单讨论了地幔粘度结构研究存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

Structure and physical properties of the Earth''''s interior

Introduction Progress in the study on the structure and physical properties of the Earths interior has been made in the last 4 years. ZANG, et al (1999) had reviewed the studies on the structure, geodynamics and the physical properties of the Earths interior in China during 1994~1998. This review will summarize the work done by Chinese geophysicists on the structure and physical properties of the Earths interior from 1999 to 2002. The contents are mainly on the structure and physics of the…     

Structure and physical properties of the garth＇s interior

The studies on the structure and physical properties of the Earth‘s interior done by Chinese geophysicists from 1999 to 2002 were reviewed in this paper. It includes several research areas: the structure of the Earth‘s interiors using seismic tomography, anisotropy of the upper mantle in China and its adjacent areas, quality factor Qβ for S waves, subduction zone, mantle discontinuities, physical properties of Earth‘s materials and others. The review concerns mainly the contents, the methods and the results of the studies. It can be seen that new progress in the study on the structure and physical properties of the Earth‘s interior has been made in the last 4 years in China. It is shown on three aspects: advancement made on some preexistent areas; pioneering on some new fields and new methods adopted.     

Coupling between different layers of the lithosphere under horizontal drag underneath

Based on a layered rheological model of the lithosphere, the velocity and stress distributions in the lithosphere under horizontal drag underneath were calculated using viscoelastic finite element method of plain strain with finite deformation. In the simulation, different conditions of drag and blocking were assumed to study their influences on the stress distribution and the coupling between different layers. Blocking depth has little influence on the stress level in the whole area and the coupling between different layers, but influences the stress state in the area around the blocking. The area covered by the high stress anomaly becomes larger when the blocking depth becomes deeper, but the magnitude of the value of the maximum shear stress decreases. The greater the viscosity differences between different layers of the lithosphere, the greater the possibility of decoupling between them. Under the drag of normal mantle convection (the convection velocity is about 20 cm·a?1), a lithosphere with a rheological structure similar to that of North China could not have decoupling between different layers, while could have stress distribution with magnitude of several MPa to tens of MPa and could have anomalous areas with stress accumulation if the geological structure is complicated.     

地震断裂和应力场

本文讨论了地震断裂和构造应力之间的关系。首先综述了地震机制研究的结果,指出断层面解可以给出较好的断层面的取向,而得不到确切的应力场;认为地震是一个复杂的破裂过程,而P波初动只反映了破裂开始的状态。应用了库仑准则对地震断裂进行了讨论,得出在各向同性介质中,最大主应力与断层面的夹角α≤45°,断层面解只是它的一个特例,μ=0,即没有内摩擦,或相当于围压很高的岩石试验结果;在软弱面存在的情况下,断裂面与最大主应力的夹角可以分布在更大的范围内,可以大于45°,也可以小于45°,这范围取决于破裂参数S_w,μ_w以及中等主应力σ_2。讨论了震前应力变化的过程,指出了五种基本可能引起地震的过程     

Regionalized difference of the 660 km discontinuity beneath Izu-Bonin

Introduction The detail structure of the Earths interior is a major field of geophysics and the existences and properties of mantle discontinuities are its important content. Based on the seismic tomographic results (Fukao, et al, 1992, Van der Hilst, et al, 1991) and the distribution of earthquake hypocenters in the Circum-Pacific region and other regions, the effects of subducting slab at different regions on the 660 km discontinuity are different: some subducting slabs penetrate through; …     

华北地区岩石圈热结构的研究

利用两种1°×1°平均大地热流资料,由观测资料和居里面反演得到的4种地壳岩石生热率模型,计算了华北地区(105°E-124°E,30°N-41°N)岩石圈的热结构. 定量的比较了各种模型的计算结果,选定了最佳模型. 莫霍面的温度大约在450-750℃之间变化,岩石圈底部深度在60-180 km变化,并发现大的构造断裂与热岩石圈底部的隆起相对应,MS＞6.5的地震大都发生在热岩石圈底部隆起区附近和莫霍面温度的高值区.