两种激光粒度仪测量结果的对比

用两种型号(Cilas 940L和Malvern2000)的激光粒度仪对149个沉积物样品进行了测量,对测量结果作了对比分析。包括各粒级间的对比、各种粒度参数的对比以及相关分析等。找出了两种仪器在不同粒级之间的差异和相关性。分析结果表明,两种仪器的分析数据在13～14pm的粒度区间最为接近,小于此粒级范围时Cilas 940L所测得数据大于同粒级内Malvern2000的观测值,大于此粒级范围的分析结果则相反,即Cilas 940L对细粒样品的敏感性更强一些。     

大连湾近海表层沉积物矿物组合分布特征及其物源环境

对大连湾、大窑湾外近海表层沉积物进行了黏土矿物X射线衍射分析以及轻矿物的分离和鉴定,根据其组合分布特征,探讨了该区沉积物中黏土矿物和轻矿物的来源,并对沉积环境及其主控因素进行了初步分析。结果表明:研究区黏土矿物主要由伊利石(59%)、蒙皂石(20%)、绿泥石(16%)和高岭石(5%)组成,研究区西部伊利石较高,而东部绿泥石较高,蒙皂石有向湾内富集的趋势。轻矿物由斜长石(45%)、石英(34%)、钾长石(10%)、绿泥石(8%)、白云母(2%)和方解石(0.4%)组成,呈东西向条带状分布,与沉积物粒度分布特征较为一致。矿物分布受潮流、地形影响明显,研究区北部近岸水下岸坡区,水动力条件较强,沉积物粒度较粗,矿物组合以长石、石英富集为特征;向南水深增加,东部为一水下台地,矿物组合以白云母、绿泥石含量高为特征;研究区南部水深增加,又出现一水下岸坡,其下地形趋于平坦,因受出入渤海的潮流和进入渤海的黄海暖流的影响,水动力条件最强,沉积物粒度较粗,长石含量最高,轻矿物含量高。研究区潮流、地形对矿物组成、组合和含量具有控制作用。北部水下岸坡及以内近岸浅水区沉积物粒度较粗,轻矿物含量低,石英、长石含量高,物质主要来自沿岸侵蚀及...     

High resolution records of flood deposition in the mud area off the Changjiang River mouth during the past century

This paper presents a paleoflood study to determine the flood frequency of the Changjiang River, based on core cj0702, taken from the Changjiang River subaqueous delta. We identified flood deposits by means of high-resolution grain-size variation, sensitive population, geochemical indexes and magnetic susceptibility. The core covers a time span of 120 years by 210 Pb dating and was sampled at 1–2 cm intervals. Grain size, geochemical elements, and physical parameters were analyzed. The results indicate that the sediment of the core is mainly composed of silt and clay, as well as groups of interbedded silt, clay silt, and clay. Vertically, the grain size pattern was controlled by seasonal variations in water discharge and by the sediment input in winter from the abandoned Huanghe River delta. River flooding caused extreme values in all our measured parameters. We identified more than 20 flood events that occurred since 1887 using the physical parameter analysis method. The environmentally sensitive component of sediment grain size(14.32–96.39 μm) contribution30%, Zr/Rb ratio1.5, and magnetic susceptibility16 were selected as the criteria for flood identification generally. We also found that floods that had taken place in the upstream, midstream, or downstream parts of the river were clearly identified by these indexes while the large-scale floods that covered the whole drainage area did not leave clear indications in the sediment record. This study for identification of flood events is of great significance for understanding hyperpycnal current sedimentation as well as for forecasting of floods.     

Recent sedimentary records in the East China Sea inner shelf and their response to environmental change and human activities

The East China Sea continental shelf is a unique area for the study of land-sea interactions and paleoenvironmental change because it receives a large amount of terrestrial material inputs. In recent decades, human activities and global climate change have greatly aff ected river discharges into the sea. However, changes in the deposition process caused by these factors in the East China Sea continental shelf are unclear. We collected eight short sediment cores from the East China Sea inner shelf(ECSIS) using a box core sampler in 2012 and 2015. The grainsize, 2 10 Pb, and 1 37 Cs of these cores were analyzed in order to reconstruct the deposition history since the 1950 s, and to reveal human activity and climate change influences on sediment deposition in the ECSIS. Results indicated that sediment grain size became finer after 1969, turned coarser after 1987, and then further coarser since 2003, corresponding well to the three steps of sediment load drop in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, which are mainly caused by human activities(particularly the closure of the Three Gorges Dam). Simultaneously, the East Asian Monsoon influenced the deposition process in the ECSIS by changing the intensity of coastal currents. Mean grain size variations in the fine-grained population(divided by grain size vs. standard deviation method) coincided with that of the East Asian Winter Monsoon strength and reflected its weakness in 1987. Abrupt changes in sediment grain size over a short time scale in these sediment cores were generally caused by floods and typhoons. Spectral analyses of the sediment cores showed periodicities of 10–11 and 20–22 years, corresponding to the periodicity of solar activity(Schwabe cycle and Hale cycle). Mean grain size time series also displayed a 3–8 year periodicity corresponding to El Ni?o Southern Oscillation periodic change.     

24ka来冲绳海槽北部沉积物来源的高分辨率常量元素记录

为进一步了解冲绳海槽北部24ka来柱状沉积物的常量元素组成特征及其物源和古环境指示意义,对PC-1孔进行了402个常量元素和粒度及344个浮游有孔虫氧同位素的综合分析,其平均样品分辨率高达百年时间尺度。结果表明:沉积物中的主要常量元素含量表现出明显的3段式垂向变化特征,并记录到了7.3和12.7cal.kaBP时的两次火山事件;物源判别图解及R型因子分析则揭示出主要氧化物含量在垂向上的变化主要受控于附近陆源物质输入,而热液活动和海洋生物沉积作用及火山物质的影响较小。特别是不同陆源物质对研究区的影响表现出明显的变化规律,与海平面波动及对马暖流形成演化间具有良好的耦合关系,但期间的典型古气候事件却并未明显改变沉积物中的陆源物质组成,从而为揭示24ka来冲绳海槽北部地区陆源物质输入演化历史,及其主要控制因素提供了新的高分辨率资料。     

冲绳海槽南部表层沉积物地球化学特征及其物源和环境指示意义

对冲绳海槽南部陆架、陆坡和海槽 33个表层沉积物进行了元素地球化学分析,结果表明研究区沉积物的主要化学组成为SiO₂ 、Al₂ O₃ 和CaO,这三种组分占沉积物总量的 6 8%左右。多数元素在陆架和陆坡的变化范围较大,在海槽区相对稳定。向海槽方向随沉积物粒径变细,SiO₂ 和CaO减少、Al₂ O₃ 和其它多数元素含量增加。常量元素和Al₂ O₃ 的比值分布特征表明,本区沉积物由物源区经由陆架向海槽输送,沉积物主要由陆源碎屑沉积组成,此外还有生物碎屑沉积和自生沉积。陆架区部分微量元素富集因子 (EF)与长江和黄河沉积物的富集因子对比结果表明,本区的沉积物与长江沉积物的关系更为密切。陆坡区Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni和Cr的富集因子较高是由于生物的富集作用造成的,Mn的富集主要是自生沉积的结果。用R型因子分析方法对沉积物的化学组成进行了分析,结合元素的分布特征,给出了四个主因子所对应的沉积环境和特征元素组合,分别为 1)陆架型的元素组合 :SiO₂ 、TiO₂ 、Zr、CaO和Sr,2 )陆坡型的元素组合Fe₂ O₃ 、MgO和P₂ O₅,3)海槽型的元素组合 :Al₂ O₃ 、K₂ O、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Cr和Ba,4 )反映沉积环境氧化-还原属性的元素组合 :MnO和FeO。     

黄海北部表层沉积物地球化学特征

研究区位于辽东半岛以南的黄海北部海区,为季风性气候;海域流系属黄海暖流余脉,在区内沿辽东半岛和朝鲜半岛岸线顺时针流动.区内水深较浅,一般小于70 m.海底地势由北、西、西南向中部缓倾,并由中部向南倾向南黄海.黄海北部海岸性质复杂,近岸海域有多个岛屿分布(长山群岛),使其海底地形、地势变得非常复杂.鸭绿江、庄河等河流注入研究区,在区内北东端发育潮流沙脊.由于北东侧河流带入了丰富的陆缘沉积物,研究区东侧沉积物为中细砂-细砂,至中部变为粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂,在西部变为泥质粉砂、粉砂质泥或砂粉砂质泥,表现出从东向西变细的趋势.     

闽浙沿海岸泥质沉积物的稀土元素地球化学特征

对位于闽浙沿海岸泥质区北部的DD2孔沉积物采用激光粒度仪进行了粒度分析,采用ICP-MS进行了稀土元素质量分数测定,分析了该孔稀土元素质量分数与粒度的关系,讨论了稀土元素组成及分馏特征,并与长江、黄河沉积物进行了对比.分析表明,该孔沉积物的w(HREE)、w(LREE)均明显高于长江和黄河沉积物,并随粒度变细而增大,其中Ce的富集造成DD2孔相对更富LREE;[w(La)/w(Lu)]N、[w(La)/w(Yb)]N、[w(Gd)/w(Yb)]N的变化相对较小,且这3个参数的值略小于黄河沉积物的值,而远小于长江沉积物的值,但[w(La)/w(Sm)]N的变化大,且与长江沉积物的值更为接近.这说明该孔沉积物轻重稀土元素分馏、HREE之间的分馏均要弱于长江、黄河沉积物,特别是HREE间的分馏程度,DD2孔要弱得多;而LREE间的分馏程度,DD2孔总体上要比长江和黄河沉积物显著.DD2孔沉积物的δ(Ce)和δ(Eu)平均值分别约为0.92和0.66,即Ce为弱亏损,而Eu异常明显.黄河改道前后该区沉积物的稀土元素地球化学特征无明显变化;从稀土元素组成特征上也难以识别出其物质来源是长江还是黄河,产生这种现象的主要原因是黄河和长江沉积物REE的组成及其特征差别不大以及粒度的控制规律,其中[w(La)/w(Lu)]N、[w(La)/w(Yb)]N随粒径减小呈现出变小的趋势.     

南海北部ODP1146站粒度揭示的近20 Ma以来东亚季风演化

运用粒级-标准偏差和粒度端元模拟算法两种方法, 对南海北部ODP1146站陆源沉积物粒度数据进行了分析和对比, 探讨了东亚季风近20 Ma以来的演化历史. 选用粒级-标准偏差法提取出的两个敏感粒度组分含量的比值即10~19 μm/1.3~2.4 μm用来指示东亚冬季风相对夏季风强度的变化. 粒度端元模拟法得出的粗端元组分EM1(风尘)堆积速率用来指示东亚冬季风强度及相应的风尘源区——亚洲内陆干旱地区的干旱程度的变化, 而EM1/(EM2+EM3)比值可以指示冬季风相对夏季风强度的变化. 组合指标变化显示出东亚冬季风强度和冬季风相对夏季风的强度在8 Ma BP左右显著加强, 而3 Ma BP左右冬夏季风可能同时增强, 结果可以与黄土、北太平洋风尘沉积、南海微体古生物记录等很好对比. 青藏高原的阶段性隆升可能促进了东亚季风的这两次加强.