SPATIAL/TEMPORAL FEATURES OF DROUGHT/FLOOD IN FUJIAN FOR THE PAST FOUR DECADES

41a (1961 - 2001) seasonal Z index series of 25 representative weather stations are investigated by virtue of EOF, FFT, continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) and orthogonal wavelet transformation (OWT). It shows that: (1) Fujian drought/flood (DF) has a significant 2 - 3a cycle for the periods 1965 - 1975 and 1990's; (2) the pattern, which represents the opposite DF trend between the southern and northern parts, has 1a and 3 - 4a cycles since the middle of 1980's; (3) EOF3, which denotes the reverse change between the middle-west region and other areas, has significant 1 - 2a cycle for the period from 1985 to 1998 and 9 - 13a cycle since 1980s; (4) there is an obvious drought trend for the last 40a (especially in the 1990's), which is more outstanding in the south (east) than in the north (west); (5) the 1960's and 1980's are in relatively wet phases and the 1970's and 1990's are in drought spells.     

用正交小波分析近百年来中国降水气候变化

从小波函数本身所具有的特点出发,针对小波基函数的选择等问题,从理论分析、方法比较以及实例计算等几方面对正交小波和非正交小波进行比较研究,并在此基础上用正交小波对中国17个站点近百年的年降水量序列进行分析.得到如下的结果:在对降水序列进行多尺度分析时,正交小波分解出的各个时间层次上的信号之间是相互正交,没有信息冗余.近百年中国降水的变化趋势在不同时间尺度上有不同的变化,且各地之间的显著尺度也不同.具有显著的小于3.5年、3.5～7年、7～14年的周期活动特征.     

北半球冬季海平面气压场的气候基本态与气候变率特征及其影响的初步研究

研究了近100多年冬季北半球海平面气压场的气候基本态、气候变率的特征及时间演变规律。指出北半球冬季海平面气压基本态的标准差的高值区在北太平洋的阿留申低压区、冰岛低压区的西北部及西伯利亚高压区。基本态的第一特征向量表现为弱西伯利亚高压、强北大西洋高压的强纬向环流的特征;第二特征向量表现为弱阿留申低压及强北太平洋高压。研究还指出,阿留申低压区及冰岛低压区在基本态改变的同时,标准差也有长期变化,而且主要表现为近百年中变率线性增大。此外,北半球冬季气温及我国冬季气温的长期变化都与北半球冬季海平面的基本态变化有关。