基于地理实体的数据库建设探讨

新型基础测绘体系建设是我国全面提升基础测绘保障服务能力和水平的重要发展战略,而地理实体分级的非尺度基础时空数据库建设是其中的一项重要内容。厘清了地理实体与地理要素之间的关系,设计了地理实体编码和通用属性,梳理了地理实体建库的技术路线,为基于地理实体的新型基础测绘生产奠定了基础。     

矿田构造变形岩相带的地球物理资料解译与找矿应用

基于岩(矿)石物性参数和矿床成因类型建立的地球物理勘查模型,在深部找矿预测中出现了多解性的问题,急需找到地球物理方法能够高精度识别的地质体目标。多年的找矿实践表明,矿田构造变形岩相带就是一个重要的选项,业已取得显著的找矿效果。目前,大比例尺的矿区地球物理勘查工作较多,而中比例尺的矿田地球物理研究比较薄弱,且两者均缺乏分层次的战略指导。为了建立矿田构造变形岩相带的地球物理判别标志,需要厘清地质与地球物理的复杂时间-空间关系,加强地质力学与地球物理勘探方法的联系。文章提出分层次处理和解释地球物理信息的思路,即根据研究区构造形迹的"米字型"结构特征和构造体系阶段性发展的特点,从矿田、矿床2个层次解析不同尺度-维度的地球物理勘查资料,提取构造变形岩相带信息。具体操作流程为先在矿田范围内布置面积性物探,解译"米字型"断裂构造系统,选定张性和张扭性含矿断裂构造,预测找矿方向;再在含矿断裂带布置大深度物探剖面,分析剥蚀程度和埋藏深度,结合化探信息圈定找矿靶区位置。文中以内蒙古赤峰柴胡栏子金矿田为例,介绍该方法的找矿应用效果。首先从矿田地球物理资料中解译出新华夏构造体系"米字型"分布的构造形迹,然后在2个矿区内确认了北北西和北西西走向的构造变形岩相带是主要的含矿构造带,且两者之间存在时空上的先后关系,为深部找矿预测提供了依据。      

测绘地理信息在智慧城市建设中的作用

在全球"智慧地球"战略的影响下,各地智慧城市建设正在迅速兴起。在此形势下,研究测绘地理信息在智慧城市建设中所起的作用,对于加强测绘地理信息服务的保障具有重要意义。本文就智慧城市建设的内涵、智慧城市建设的主要内容、测绘地理信息助力智慧城市建设三个方面进行阐述,印证了测绘地理信息在智慧城市建设中所起的重要作用。     

Pb同位素对德兴铜矿成矿物源的制约

江西德兴铜矿是中国东部最大的斑岩型铜矿,对于该矿床的成矿物质来源方面还存在较大的争论.为弄清楚德兴斑岩铜矿的成矿物质来源,本文对该矿床铜厂和富家坞矿区中的黄铁矿进行了Pb同位素研究,研究结果显示,铜厂和富家坞矿床中黄铁矿具有较为一致的Pb同位素组成:206Pb/204 Pb比值为17.954～18.320(平均值18.097);207Pb/204 Pb比值为15.407～15.517(平均值15.476);208 pb/204 Pb比值为37.888～38.153(平均值37.999).该Pb同位素特征以及前人的S同位素特征均表明德兴斑岩铜矿的成矿物质主要来源于地幔,而不是主要来源于赣东北双桥山群新元古代的轻微变质老地层.本研究还通过对国内外近30个斑岩型、矽卡岩型及石英脉型含钼矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素特征进行对比分析,认为德兴铜矿辉钼矿中高的Re和187Os含量也暗示其成矿物质主要来源于地幔.该超大型铜矿可能是在古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲这一挤压构造环境下,为洋片(P-MORB)中富含Fe3+的岩浆释放出的流体或熔体在上升途中与上覆地幔楔相互作用后的产物.     

“数字城市”大比例尺数字线划图数据处理探究

"数字城市"基础地理空间信息建库是一项庞大而复杂的工程,各省市的数据生产建库大多为摸索试验阶段,暂时还没有一个统一、成熟的技术规范。以1∶1 000基础地形图数据生产为例,详细探讨了大比例尺空间数据库的建库标准、数据处理、数据入库、质量检查等一系列数据生产过程中的关键步骤与技术。     

德兴铜矿闪长玢岩SHRIMP 锆石U–Pb 定年及原位Hf 同位素研究

江西德兴铜矿是中国东南部最大的斑岩型铜矿,前人对该矿床的含矿花岗闪长斑岩、成矿物质来源和流体演化等方面已进行了大量研究,却对该矿床内出现的脉状石英闪长玢岩缺乏较多的关注。本研究对德兴斑岩铜矿铜厂矿区的脉状石英闪长玢岩进行了SHRIMP 锆石U–Pb同位素定年,获得了一个206Pb/238U 谐和年龄加权平均值153.5 ± 2.4 Ma（2σ,MSWD = 2.5）,表明其形成于晚侏罗世（～153.5 Ma）,可能处于由古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲引起的弧后或弧内拉张构造环境。对其锆石原位Hf 同位素和全岩Nd 同位素研究显示该侵入体具有较高的εNd(t) 值（～0.5）和εHf(t) 值（～4.73）,暗示其很可能具有壳–幔混合的物质来源。可见,德兴地区的构造活动既经历了早期（170～171 Ma）的 由古太平洋板块俯冲形成的陆缘弧环境,又经历了后期（～153.5 Ma）的弧后伸展环境,分别形成了与成矿相关的花岗质岩浆和与成矿无关的闪长质侵入体。     

图深1井涡轮钻井技术应用分析

长岭断陷泉头组以下深层地层岩石可钻性级值不断增高,机械钻速低,钻井周期长,提高深层钻井速度成为该地区钻井关键的问题。涡轮钻井由于具有高转速、高扭矩特点,能够提高破岩效率,但其特点又决定了其应用具有一定局限性,通过对图深1井涡轮钻井提速分析表明,涡轮钻井在长岭断陷登娄库组地层具有良好的提速效果,在营城组凝灰岩地层达不到提速的目的。     

郯庐断裂带赤山段中晚更新世之交的史前地震遗迹

Chishan is located in Sixian County of Anhui Province, and the west branch fault of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone passes through here. According to previous research, the Chishan segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone has been obviously active since the Quaternary. Trenches excavated perpendicular to the Chishan segment for this study have revealed many prehistoric earthquake ruins-the multi-phase reverse faulting colluvial wedge, which is represented as the western brick-red sandstone of the late Cretaceous or maize gravel stratum of the mid Pleistocene of the hanging wall of the fault overlapping eastward the mid-late Pleistocene brown clay. In the base of the wedges, steep NW-dipping faults were found, and the steep fault planes turned upward to gently dipping collapse planes. As revealed by the trenches, the connection line of the breaking points strikes NNE in general. Heaving landforms are preserved at most parts of the tailing edge of the hanging wall where the fault passes through, and some EW-trending gullies were offset by right-lateral faulting. The two walls of several trenches have consistently shown that the collapse of traces have been pushed by a west-to-east force. Among them, Tc1~Tc4 show that the brick red limestone(K2)overthrust and collapsed on the yellow-brown clay containing ferro-manganese nodules (Q2-3P); Tc5 reveals that the yellowish-white gravel (Q2P) and the sandstone (K2) and overthrust and collapsed on the aforementioned clay. Reverse faulting colluvial wedges are found on both walls of each of the 8 trenches, but the number of wedges revealed in different trenches is different: there is 1 wedge, and 2 wedges in Tc1 and Tc3. 3 wedges in Tc2, Tc4 and Tc5, and in individual trenches, few wedges are revealed. This may be related to the trench’s location, depth and height of the remaining denudation. From the analysis of the trenches and the thermoluminescence dating results, we can preliminarily conclude that multiple large-scale reverse faulting stick events have taken place on the Chishan segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during the mid-late Pleistocene, that is to say, many pre-historic strong earthquakes have occurred.     

渤海湾盆地干热岩型地热资源有利区位研究

基于沉积盆地型干热岩的基本特征,系统总结了渤海湾盆地干热岩型地热资源选区的地热地质学、地球物理学、地表地热显示、干热岩资源潜力和地质安全性等指标,对渤海湾盆地内主要构造单元干热岩赋存背景进行了分析,建立了适宜于沉积盆地型干热岩勘查选区的评价指标体系。通过层次分析和打分法进行综合评价,结果表明,渤海湾盆地内干热岩勘查的最有利区位为沧县隆起区,次有利区位为济阳坳陷和冀中坳陷,显示厚覆盖盆地内隆起区较坳陷区更为有利,而坳陷区内的次级凸起构造较凹陷构造更为有利。基于上述认识,在有利区位中进一步圈定了沧县隆起、牛驼镇-容城凸起、陈庄凸起和乐亭-昌黎凹陷4个靶区,为渤海湾盆地开展干热岩勘查选址指明了方向。     

Effects of temperature and irradiance on early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)

Chondrus is a type of commercially produced red seaweed that widely used for food and carrageen extraction. Although the natural life history of the alga had been well understood, the factors influencing development of the tetraspore and carpospore remain poorly understood. In the perspective of seedling resources, the regulation of early development is crucial for the seedling nursing; therefore, it is necessary to understand the physiological influences during its early development. In this study, we studied the effects of temperature and irradiance on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm under laboratory conditions. The released tetraspores and carpospores were cultivated at different temperatures (10–28°C) and irradiances (10, 60 μmol photons m⁻²s⁻¹) with a photoperiod of 12L:12D. The results indicate that both tetraspores and carpospores are tolerant to temperatures of 10–25°C, and have the highest relative growth rate at 20°C. Irradiance variances influenced the growth of the discoid crusts, and the influence was more significant with increasing temperature; 60 μmol photons m⁻²s⁻¹ was more suitable than 10 μmol photons m⁻²s⁻¹. The optimum temperature and irradiance for the development of seedlings was 20°C and 60 μmol photons m⁻²s⁻¹, respectively.