贵州煤层气储层特征及勘探开发技术对策——以比德—三塘盆地为例

合理的储层改造和排采工艺技术是煤层气勘探开发的关键环节。在剖析比德—三塘地区煤层气地质与储层特征基础上,总结贵州省煤层气地质特征为:煤层多、累计厚度大（20 m以上）、含气量高（一般大于15 m3/t）、资源丰度高（一般大于2亿m3/km2）、临储比高（一般0.8以上）;但断层多、煤层跨度大（300 m左右）、地应力高、渗透性低、含水性差。提出可捞式桥塞分段压裂、连续油管水力喷射射孔分段压裂、电缆射孔桥塞联作分段压裂、复配低伤害压裂液等工艺技术。采用递进排采技术,优化管柱结构,实施动态分析的精细化排采。      

中国沿海地区构建城市带战略思考

文章分析了沿海地区形成城市带的机理和作用,构划了在沿海地区建设从北到南绵延几千公里。包括辽东半岛城市群、京津唐城市群、山东半岛城市群、长江三角洲城市群、福建沿海城市群、珠江三角洲城市群在内的巨型城市带的设想。城市带以香港、上海、京津为龙头,以厦门、青岛、大连为结点,以滨海山水城市为特色,以城市组合为手段,以观念和制度创新为理念,以加强城市间物流、人流、信息流、科技流为目标,整合优势资源,实施可持续发展,构筑开放、流动、有序、互补的城市带,形成城市带—城市群—城市圈3个层次城市带空间结构。最后,探讨了实施城市带建设的有关问题。     

黔西北多层薄煤储层暂堵转向压裂技术应用

黔西北地区煤层具有层数多、单层薄、非均质性强等特点,为探索经济高效的煤储层压裂改造技术,进行了煤层纵向暂堵转向压裂技术应用研究。结合转向压裂技术特点,从煤层压裂裂缝形态、力学屏蔽、射孔井段和煤体结构4个方面进行了适用性分析。为确保暂堵转向压裂能够更大限度沟通煤层,实现煤层均匀改造和压裂水平缝较长延伸,对暂堵材料和用量进行了优化组合。同时,在黔西北地区优选2口煤层气井分别开展了机械暂堵和化学暂堵转向压裂现场应用试验。结果表明,采用化学暂堵剂组合模式基本能够满足纵向（层间）暂堵转向压裂工艺的要求,取得了较好的应用效果,为贵州多煤层与薄煤层压裂改造提供了有效的技术支撑。      

现代黄河三角洲北岸1.9Ma以来孢粉组合及古环境变化

通过对现代黄河三角洲地区YRD-1101钻孔的沉积地层研究和孢粉分析,认为该地区1.9 Ma以来孢粉组合代表的植被面貌自下而上表现为:针叶阔叶混交林—灌丛草甸→落叶针叶—阔叶混交林→落叶阔叶林→常绿阔叶落叶林→针叶阔叶混交林→落叶阔叶混交林→针叶落叶混交林及灌丛草甸→落叶阔叶混交林及林下灌丛。YRD-1101钻孔沉积特征变化显著,孢粉组合波动频繁。第四纪期间存在3次大的气候拐点,分别发生在0.75 Ma,0.125 Ma和9.1 ka,气候整体表现为温度逐渐上升、湿度逐渐升高的特点。特别是晚更新世以来气候趋于温暖湿润,MIS2陆相沉积阶段气候短暂转为凉爽干燥,海平面下降,植被以耐干旱草地灌丛植被扩张为特点;全新世阶段气温升高、湿度增加,海平面上升,植被以木本植物再次扩张、蕨类和藻类增加为特点。这一趋势与我国第四纪海侵地层分布及范围一致。     

导航接收机线性阵列天线抗多径方法

本文提出一种导航接收机最小方差抗多径方法,针对均匀线阵空时二维滤波器结构,推导出权值求解公式,能使天线接收方向图在干扰信号的到达方向上形成窄的零陷,同时对地面反射的有用信号多径方向自适应地形成零陷。仿真结果验证了本文空时滤波结构抑制多径信号的有效性。算法可以应用在车载、机载、弹载抗干扰导航接收机设备,适应实际环境中存在复杂干扰以及多径信号等情况。     

长江河口岸滩侵蚀演变模式

长江河口地区由于流域带来的泥沙沉降堆积,形成了巨大的长江三角洲平原和水下三角洲。近年来,由于水土保持和流域建水库使得入海泥沙迅速减少,造成长江河口区岸滩侵蚀态势逐渐加重。根据多年海图资料得到的岸滩剖面变化,长江河口区岸滩侵蚀的演变模式按岸滩侵蚀剖面形态特征分为平直型、宽陡型和尖陡型;按剖面的变化特征可分为平行后退型、下凹变上凸型和宽陡变尖陡型。     

河口岸滩侵蚀研究进展

系统了介绍了几十年来岸滩侵蚀的研究进展,认为大部分研究成果多是对岸滩侵蚀的机理和侵蚀过程的研究,主要采用定性的或者定性—半定量的研究方法,因为横向输砂的机理还不是很清楚,定量分析的数学模型研究较多但不成熟。在深入分析的基础之上,就今后岸滩侵蚀的研究工作进行了讨论,并提出了几点建议。     

中国东北漫岗黑土区切沟侵蚀发育特征

In this study, short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area, using differential global positioning system (GPS). With the support of geographic information system (GIS), multi-temporal digital elevation models (DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and used for further analysis. Based on the analysis of multi-temporal DEM, we discussed the erosion-deposition characteristics within gully and a developing model for black soil gully area of Northeast China was proposed. The results are: (1) The analysis of the monitored gully data in 2004 indicated that the retreat of gully head reached more than 10 m, gully area extended 170–400 m², net gully eroded volume 220–320 m³, and gully erosion modulus 2200–4800 t·km⁻²·a⁻¹. (2) Compared with the mature gully the initial gully grows rapidly, and its erosion parameters are relatively large. The erosion parameters have not only to do with flow energy, but also with the growth phase. (3) There are significant seasonal differences in gully erosion parameters. The extension of gully area and width dominates in winter and spring without marked net erosion while changes mainly occur in gully head and net erosion in rainy season. (4) It is remarkable for freeze-thaw erosion in the black soil area of NE China. The gully wall of SG2 extended 0.45 m under freeze-thaw effect in 2004, and the distance of gully head retreated maximally 6.4 m. (5) Due to freeze-thaw action and snowmelt, gully is primarily in the interior adjustment process in winter and early spring. There are much more depositions compared with that during rainy season, which can almost happen throughout the gully, while erosion mostly occurs near head, esp. for gullies having a relatively long history of development. On the other hand, the process of energy exchange with exterior dominates in rainy season. It is considered that this cyclic process is an important mechanism for gully growth in high latitude or/and high attitude regions. Foundation: Key Project for National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40235056; The Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, No.20030027015; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No.20070410482; Doctoral Foundation of University of Jinan, No.B0620; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40672158; Key Subject Foundation Supported by Shandong Province Author: Hu Gang (1976–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in soil erosion, environmental evolution and regional planning.     

花海湖泊特征时期的水量平衡

应用水热平衡模型,在野外考察及分析的基础上恢复了花海湖泊特征时期的古降水量.结果表明:4300aBP左右花海湖泊面积达到最大时,模型恢复的古降水量约为138mm,比现在降水量高112%;由灵敏度分析,在该区运用水热平衡模型计算古降水量时,对降水反应最为敏感的是云量变化,同时对地表反射率、水汽压和表面温度也具有较高的灵敏度.恢复的古降水量为研究本区土地退化、荒漠化等问题提供了自然背景.     

东北漫川漫岗黑土区浅沟和切沟发生的地貌临界模型探讨

对东北漫川漫岗黑土区进行实地测量及地形图量算,推求出临界模型,校验了Moore的沟蚀发生公式。研究发现,该区浅沟发生的临界阈值和指数参数分别为0.0631和-0.4643,切沟发生的两参数分别为0.1161和-0.4457。同时发现Moore的沟蚀预测公式在该研究区并不适用。通过与野外实测浅沟和切沟发生位置对比,临界模型预测的沟蚀位置较好地反映了野外实际状况。