Seasonal phenology of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans(Macartney) in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent coastal Yellow Sea,China

Seasonal variations in numerical abundance, cell diameter and population carbon biomass of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans were studied for 10 years from 2004 to 2013 in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent coastal Yellow Sea, China, and their ecological functions were evaluated. In both areas, N. scintillans occurred throughout the year and demonstrated an essentially similar seasonality; the cell abundance increased rapidly from the winter minimum to an annual peak in late spring and early summer, and decreased gradually toward the autumn-winter minimum. The peak abundance differed by years, and there was no consistent trend in long-term numerical variations. The cell diameter also showed a seasonal fluctuation, being larger in spring and early summer than the other seasons. Estimated carbon biomass of N. scintillans population reached to a peak as high as 90.3 mg C/m~3, and occasionally exceed over phytoplankton and copepod biomass. Our results demonstrate that N. scintillans in northwestern Yellow Sea displays the seasonal phenology almost identical to the populations in other temperate regions, and play important trophic roles as a heterotroph to interact with sympatric phytoplankton and copepods.     

长江口几种优势桡足类对微型浮游动物的摄食研究

利用现场海水培养实验,结合浮游动物网样数据,研究长江口邻近海域几种优势桡足类(中华哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤和精致真刺水蚤)对微型浮游动物的摄食影响。结果表明,精致真刺水蚤虽然属于肉食性种类,但几乎不摄食微型浮游动物;其余三种杂食性桡足类中华哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤对微型浮游动物(纤毛虫+异养甲藻)的摄食率分别为0.66、0.09和0.59μg C/(ind·d),分别占其日总摄食量的29%、24%和37%。其中,异养甲藻在初始生物量和对桡足类饵料贡献上分别占整个微型浮游动物的30%和28%,是微型浮游动物中一个重要的组成类群。中华哲水蚤对微型浮游动物的摄食率与初始食物浓度有显著的正相关关系,并且对体长20μm纤毛虫的清滤率要明显高于对体长20μm的纤毛虫(P0.01)的清滤率,表明其偏好摄食较大个体的食物。通过Chesson选择性指数显示,尽管微型浮游动物在生物量上远小于浮游植物,但桡足类能优先选择摄食微型浮游动物;进一步结合网采浮游动物数据,获得各站三种优势桡足类丰度平均占桡足类总丰度的77%,但它们对微型浮游动物现存生物量的摄食压力仅为0.8%,表明桡足类对微型浮游动物群落的下行控制作用并不明显,仍有大部分微型浮游动物生物量未通过摄食途径进入到桡足类群落中。     

深海化能合成生态系统研究进展

深海化能合成生态系统(ChEss)是当前最大的国际海洋生物多样性研究计划--国际海洋生物普查计划的现场研究项目之一.深海化能合成生态系统主要包括热液、冷泉、鲸骨生态系统以及由其他高度还原型生境形成的生态系统.确定上述系统动物区系间的进化和生态学关系,对于了解全球尺度上化能合成生态系统物种分布的形成过程至关重要.重点介绍深海化能合成生态系统科学计划发起的背景、研究内容和目标、研究区域、研究技术与方法以及当前在该领域的研究进展和展望,综合国际上在深海化能合成生态系统生物地理学和生物多样性方面的最新进展,了解其中的驱动过程,以期为我国在深海化能合成生态系统、极端环境下的生物多样性和生物地理学研究提供参考.     

南极磷虾年龄鉴定研究简述

本文对国际上有关南极磷虾（Ｅｕｐｈａｕｓｉａｓｕｐｅｒｂａ）的寿命和年龄鉴定研究的现状、研究过程中所存在的困难和问题进行了分析和探讨，对各种不同的磷虾年龄鉴定方法的特点和存在的问题进行了评述     

南极磷虾的生长与复眼直径关系的研究

本文对南极磷虾复眼的直径与磷虾体长之间的关系、在负生长状态下磷虾复眼直径的变化等进行了研究。实验结果表明：在正常情况下（磷虾身体不出现负生长），磷虾复眼的直径与体长之间存在指数函数关系。雌性磷虾的眼径（ＥＤ）与体长（ＢＬ）之间的关系为：ＥＤ＝０．５８９８ｅ０．０２８２ＢＬ（ｒ＝０．９６１３，ｎ＝２４１９）；雄虾的眼径与体长之间的关系为：ＥＤ＝０．５４４ｅ０．０３０９ＢＬ（ｒ＝０．９６２２，ｎ＝１９２０）。在相同体长的情况下，雄性磷虾的复眼直径比雌虾的大。从活体培养的结果来看，当南极磷虾出现负生长时，复眼直径保持不变，即眼径不受负生长的影响。在正常情况下（不存在负生长），雌虾的体长与眼径之间的比率（ＢＬ／ＥＤ）平均为２１．３２±０．０４（ｎ＝１３４７），雄虾的体长与眼径之间的比率平均为２０．６８±０．０７（ｎ＝７４８），未成体虾的体长与复眼直径之间的比率平均为２１．５４±０．０６（ｎ＝１０７２）。利用体长与眼径之间的比率可以准确地将在实验室内活体培养后已存在负生长的磷虾与其它处于正常状态的磷虾分开。体长与眼径之间的比率也可以作为磷虾种群是否存在负生长的监测指标     

Study on the relationship between the diameter of the compound eye and the growth of the Antarctickrill

孙松，王荣ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｅｙｅａｎｄｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｔｈｅＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｋｒｉｌｌ￥ＳｕｎＳｏｎｇａｎｄＷａｎｇＲｏｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅ...     

Wintertime meso-scale horizontal distribution of large tintinnids in the southern Yellow Sea

Spatial distribution of some large tintinnid species (nominally > 76 μm) is investigated on samples vertically towed in the southern Yellow Sea in winters of 2001 to 2004. Nine tintinnid species are recorded: Codonellopsis morchella, Stenosemella pacifica, S. steini, Tintinnopsis schotti, T. radix, T. karajacensis, Eutintinnus tenuis, Parafavella sp., Leprotintinnus neriticus, of which C. morchella and T. radix dominated in the warm tongue-shaped zone of the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), and S. pacifica i...     

Meso-scale spatial distribution of large tintinnids in early summer in southern Yellow Sea

The spatial distribution of some large tintinnid species （nominally〉76 μm） was investigated according to samples collected by vertical towing in cruises to the southern Yellow Sea in summer 2000-2002 and 2004. Eight species were identified： Codonellopsis mobilis, Leprotintinnus netritus, Tintinnopsis karajacensis, T. japonica, T. kiaochowensis, T. butschlii, T. radix, and Parafavella sp. With maximum abundance of 158.2 ind/L in June 2004, C. mobilis was the dominant species, lasting from May to July 2004. Tintinnid communities were patchy and distributed mainly in shallow waters along the shore.     

Effect of high iron concentration enrichment on the phytoplankton in the Prydz Bay

1　IntroductionForthepast 1 5years,muchattentionofoceanographershasbeenfocusedontheroleofironinlimiting phytoplankton productivityinthehigh nutrient ,low chlorophyll(HNLC)regions.OnboardshipironenrichmentincubationshavebeencarriedoutinthethreewellknownHNLCregions :notablyequatorialPacificOcean ,subarcticPacificO ceanandSouthernOcean (seereferencesinTable 1 ) .Theinsituironenrichmentexper imentshavebeenaccomplishedintheequatorialPacific (IronEx1in 1 993 (Wells 1 994)andIronEx2in 1 996(…     

胶州湾沉积物中高生源硅含量的发现--胶州湾浮游植物生长硅限制的证据

从研究胶州湾沉积物中生源硅入手,利用对比分析对其限制的原因进行了探讨.研究表明,相对于邻近的黄海和渤海沉积物,胶州湾沉积物中的生源硅含量较高,在湾内外的三个站表层沉积物中生源硅的含量分别为1.58%、1.44%、1.48%,在整个柱状样中的平均含量分别为1.54%、1.48%和1.39%,属于高生源硅含量区.沉积物中BSi∶TN远远大于1,BSi∶TP也远远大于16,与水体中Si∶TN〈1,BSi∶16P〈1相反,同时沉积物中的OC∶BSi值远远小于Redfield比值（106∶16）,表明沉积物中有机质的分解速率远大于BSi的分解速率,生源硅分解的较慢.研究还发现,生源硅和有机碳的含量有明显的正相关关系,二者共同作用的结果是造成相当大的一部分BSi被埋藏,不能参与再循环,从而水体中的硅被永久地“清除”,造成水体硅的缺乏,这可能是造成胶州湾浮游植物生长硅限制的根本原因.湾外BSi较湾内低的主要原因是湾外的沉积物因其有机质含量低,且沉积物的颗粒粗而造成BSi的溶解速率比湾内的高.根据沉积物中生源硅的沉积通量和初级生产力的对比可推知,由硅藻形成的生源硅在沉降过程中平均只有15.5%被分解重新进入水体,其余的84.5%可被埋葬而形成沉积物.而胶州湾沉积物中的硅通过沉积物-海水界面返回到水体中的速率也小于生源硅的沉积速率,这进一步证明了海水中的硅不断向沉积物迁移,导致水体中硅含量持续的低水平,进而使Si成为浮游植物生长限制因子的主要原因.