Design of Low-Power Data Logger of Deep Sea for Long-Term Field Observation

This paper describes the implementation of a data logger for the real-time in-situ monitoring of hydrothermal systems.A compact mechanical structure ensures the security and reliability of data logger when used under deep sea.The data logger is a battery powered instrument,which can connect chemical sensors ( pH electrode,H2S electrode,H2 electrode) and temperature sensors.In order to achieve major energy savings,dynamic power management is implemented in hardware design and software design.The working current of the data logger in idle mode and active mode is 15 μA and 1.44 mA respectively,which greatly extends the working time of battery.The data logger has been successfully tested in the first Sino-American Cooperative Deep Submergence Project from August 13 to September 3,2005.     

The biogeochemistry of carbon cycle in summer of the Prydz Bay, Antarctic Ⅰ:Characteristics of DOC distribution

1　IntroductionAtthepresenttime ,thereiseveryindicationthattheearthbecomingwarmerandwarmer (Liuetal.1 995) ,asoneofthewarmhousegases,CO2 playanimportantroleinthechangingofthetemperatureandenvironmentoftheglobe .TheexchangingofCO2betweentheatmosphereandocean ,maketheoceanbeingthelargepoolofcarbon ,andthechangingofcarboncycleintheoceanwouldbringdistincteffectontheatmosphere .TheSouthernOceanisthewaterbodythathastheenormousenergyandexchangessub stancewithotheroceansintheglobe ,anditsecosystem …     

Managing Soil Erosion Potential by Integrating Digital Elevation Models with the Southern China's Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation——A Case Study for the West Lake Scenic Spots Area of Hangzhou,China

In China,many scenic and tourism areas are suffering from the urbanization that results from physical development of tourism projects,leading to the removal of the vegetative cover,the creation of areas impermeable to water,in-stream modifications,and other problems. In this paper,the risk of soil erosion and its ecological risks in the West Lake Scenic Spots (WLSS) area were quantitatively evaluated by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) with a digital elevation model (DEM) and geographical information system (GIS) software. The standard RUSLE factors were modified to account for local climatic and topographic characteristics reflected in the DEM maps,and for the soil types and vegetation cover types. An interface was created between the Arcinfo software and RUSLE so that the level of soil erosion and its ecological risk in the WLSS area could be mapped immediately once the model factors were defined for the area. The results from an analysis using the Arcinfo-RUSLE interface showed that the risk value in 93 % of the expanding western part of the WLSS area was moderate or more severe and the soil erosion risk in this area was thus large compared with that in the rest of the area. This paper mainly aimed to increase the awareness of the soil erosion risk in urbanizing areas and suggest that the local governments should consider the probable ecological risk resulting from soil erosion when enlarging and developing tourism areas.     

Comparison between Empirical Estimation by JRC-JCS Model and Direct Shear Test for Joint Shear Strength

In order to study the reliability of the empirical estimation of joint shear strength by the JRC(joint roughness coefficient)-JCS(joint compressive strength) model,natural rock joints of dif-ferent lithologic characteristics and different sizes were selected as samples,and their shear strengths under dry and saturated conditions were measured by direct shear test and compared to those esti-mated by the JRC-JCS model.Comparison results show that for natural rock joints with joint surfaces closely matched,the...     

海南博鳌玉带沙海滩冲淤演变及脆弱性分析

玉带沙是海南岛东部博鳌万泉河口的一条细长沙嘴,也是我国重要旅游海滩之一。为了揭示近期玉带沙的冲淤演变趋势,选择了1988年以来4个年份的RS图像,利用现场GPS监测的海滩地形推算出校正后的低潮位水边线,并使用GIS软件计算各年份低潮线以上的玉带沙面积。结果表明：1988～2005年玉带沙呈显著蚀退趋势,平均蚀退70m（4.1m/a）,面积减少35%。分析认为：玉带沙蚀退主要原因是海平面上升和万泉河入海泥沙的减少。在气候变化与人类活动的双重作用下,玉带沙呈现高度脆弱性,值得关注。     

强潮环境下的海滩剖面沉积特征——以春季广西北海银滩为例

海滩地貌动力状态是海滩过程和陆海相互作用研究中的重要内容,但目前国内对北部湾强潮环境下的砂质海滩地貌与沉积的研究相对较少。对2010年3月采集的北海银滩剖面高程与沉积物变化的资料进行分析,探讨此类海滩响应外在驱动力作用的地貌动力状态特征,结果表明:1)北海银滩地貌结构简单,地貌状态属于消散型类型。2)银滩沉积物类型为砂,并以细砂、中砂为主,沉积物分选性较好;此外,沉积物中砂的百分含量和中值粒径自陆向海逐渐减小,而极细砂的百分含量则逐渐增加。3)北海银滩横向剖面沉积物可区分为后滨、滩面和内滨3个沉积单元。后滨沉积物在风的作用下以跃移质为主;滩面沉积物因波浪形成的冲流作用而具有双向运动的性质;内滨沉积物主要受控于波浪和潮流的联合驱动作用而以跃移质组分为主。     

太平洋海山钴结壳资源量估算

为合理地估算出太平洋海山钴结壳资源量, 基于我国西太平洋海山钴结壳拖网采样调查资料以及对太平洋海山钴结壳资源分布规律和钴结壳矿区圈定参数指标的深入研究, 创造性地按海山不同高度、不同洋壳年龄赋予不同结壳厚度, 进而首次计算出太平洋海山干结壳资源量为(507.06~1 014.11)×108 t, 锰为(111.15~222.29)×108 t, 钴为(3.04~6.08)×108 t, 镍为(2.23~4.46)×108 t, 铜为(0.66~1.32)×108 t, 结壳分布面积为2 062 862 km2.通过Co通量与结壳Co沉积量、结壳厚度的相关分析表明, 赋予不同洋壳年龄段的结壳厚度是理论厚度的6.10%~12.20%, 这与Ku et al.得出"结壳生长时间只占其整个生命史4%"的认识非常相近, 说明所赋结壳厚度基本合理, 得出的结壳资源量基本正确.为整个大洋海盆内海山钴结壳资源量的估算提供了新方法.      

华北东濮凹陷异常高压与流体活动及其对储集砂岩成岩作用的制约

Basin-Mod软件模拟显示东濮凹陷35Ma左右孔隙流体已出现较高异常压力，综合分析表明欠压实作用是发育异常高压的主要机制，处于异常高压带内的泥岩存在微裂隙带，是异常高压流体压裂的直接结果并可以成为流体运移的通道，通过典型研究区砂岩压实（溶）量，压实－胶结关系，沉积参数－储集物性的对比，表明异常高压流体的确对砂岩的压实作用具有抑制作用，另一方面，自生石英流体包体均一温度大部分在105－145℃之间，频数呈多峰式展布，可能显示幕式流体活动。该温度范围内由于没有有机酸的大规模生产，泥岩频繁发生的幕式流体泄压活动，使得富含CO3^2-的高压流体在注入砂岩（低压区）孔隙后易与Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Fe^2 等离子结合，导致砂岩储层发生强烈的（晚期）碳酸盐沉淀和胶结作用。     

区域群发性滑坡灾害概率预报系统

根据覆盖浙江全部陆地区域数年降雨量数据,在同时期内有明确日期、位置记录的609处滑坡(泥石流)灾害数据,通过对地质、土壤、土地利用类型、人文等资料的综合分析,研制了集GIS与ANN于一体的区域群发性滑坡灾害概率预报系统(LAPS)。该系统可以通过宽带网络与气象、水文观测等有关部门相连接,在雨季根据雨量观测站的实时观测数据和降雨预报,对全省区域范围内滑坡灾害发生概率进行快速评价,实现对灾害发生的空间范围、强度及其分布概率的实时预警预报,具有维护方便、操作简单、可视化强等特点,可以作为其它滑坡易发地区的预报系统原型。     

浙江土壤矿物组成特征

对浙江省29种母质和16种土类或亚类构成的69个母质一土类单元共194个土壤样品中的矿物成分进行测定，分析得出矿物种类及矿物百分含量。在此基础上分析了浙江省土壤矿物组成特征。不同土类或亚类土壤中矿物组成存在明显差异，矿物种数和含量变化较大。突出的特征是，相同母质类型土壤含有相似的矿物种类，而且相同母质不同样品中同一矿物含量变化也较小，表现出同母质土壤矿物组成与含量具有相似性。在69个土壤剖面中，由A层到C层矿物种类和含量变化较小，土壤矿物组成明显受基岩影响和控制。宜把地质背景相同、矿物组成相近、土壤环境相似的成土母质作为划分土壤重金属污染评价单元，土壤类型只能作为评价单元的辅助划分依据。